Genomic Evidence of a SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Case with E484K Spike Mutation in Brazil

Comment: Phylogenetic analysis, of the two newly whole genome sequences compared with contemporaneous sequences from Brazil (Supplementary Table 1), clearly demonstrated that the two COVID-19 episodes, separated by a 147-day interval, were indeed caused by different SARS-CoV-2 lineages, confirming reinfection (Figure 1B). In the first episode, the lineage B.1.1.33 was detected, whereas lineage P.2 (an alias for B.1.1.28.2) was detected in the second infection (Figure 1 panel B), according to the Pangolin lineage classification (pangoLEARN version 2021-01-11).  Further, we identified several mutations distinguishing the two genomes (Figure 1C), three of them in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. In the first infection, the retrieved genome presented the S:G1219C, while in the second infection, S:E484K and S:V1176F were observed.