Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Effect of Continuous Low Intensity Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Radio Base Stations to Cancer Mortality in Brazil

Nádia Cristina Pinheiro Rodrigues
* ORCID logo ,
Adilza Condessa Dode
,
Mônica Kramer de Noronha Andrade
,
Gisele O’Dwyer
,
Denise Leite Maia Monteiro
,
Inês Nascimento Carvalho Reis
,
Roberto Pinheiro Rodrigues
,
Vera Cecília Frossard
,
Valéria Teresa Saraiva Lino
Version 1 : Received: 10 December 2020 / Approved: 15 December 2020 / Online: 15 December 2020 (12:47:54 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Rodrigues, N.C.P.; Dode, A.C.; Andrade, M.K.N.; O’Dwyer, G.; Monteiro, D.L.M.; Reis, I.N.C.; Rodrigues, R.P.; Frossard, V.C.; Lino, V.T.S. The Effect of Continuous Low-Intensity Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Radio Base Stations to Cancer Mortality in Brazil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1229. Rodrigues, N.C.P.; Dode, A.C.; Andrade, M.K.N.; O’Dwyer, G.; Monteiro, D.L.M.; Reis, I.N.C.; Rodrigues, R.P.; Frossard, V.C.; Lino, V.T.S. The Effect of Continuous Low-Intensity Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Radio Base Stations to Cancer Mortality in Brazil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1229.

Abstract

Background. This study aims to estimate the rate of death by cancer, according to Radio Base Stations (RBS) radiofrequency exposure, especially for the types of breast, cervix, lung and esophagus cancer. Methods. We collected information about the number of deaths by cancer, gender, age group, Gross Domestic Product per capita, death year and the amount of exposure over the lifetime. We investigated all cancer types and some specific types (breast, cervix, lung and esophagus cancers). Results. In capitals where RBS radiofrequency exposure was higher than 2,000/antennas-year, the average mortality rate was 112/100,000 for all cancers. The adjusted analysis showed that the higher the exposure to RBS radiofrequency, the higher cancer mortality. The highest adjusted risk was observed for cervix cancer (Rate Ratio = 2.18). The spatial analysis showed that the highest RBS radiofrequency exposure was observed in a city in southern Brazil, which also showed the highest mortality rate for all types of cancer and specifically for lung and breast cancer. Conclusion. The balance of our results indicates that the exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from RBS increases the rate of death by all types of cancer.

Keywords

cancer; mortality; electromagnetic fields; breast neoplasms; lung neoplasms; esophageal neoplasms; uterine cervical neoplasms

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergy

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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