Version 1
: Received: 29 August 2020 / Approved: 31 August 2020 / Online: 31 August 2020 (10:29:20 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 10 October 2020 / Approved: 12 October 2020 / Online: 12 October 2020 (10:15:32 CEST)
Kanno, G.G.; Lagiso, Z.A.; Abate, Z.G.; Areba, A.S.; Gondol, B.N.; Temesgen, H.; Van Wyk, R.; Aregu, M.B. Estimation of Rainwater Harvesting Potential for Emergency Water Demand in the Era of COVID-19. The Case of Dilla Town, Southern, Ethiopia. Environmental Challenges 2021, 3, 100077, doi:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100077.
Kanno, G.G.; Lagiso, Z.A.; Abate, Z.G.; Areba, A.S.; Gondol, B.N.; Temesgen, H.; Van Wyk, R.; Aregu, M.B. Estimation of Rainwater Harvesting Potential for Emergency Water Demand in the Era of COVID-19. The Case of Dilla Town, Southern, Ethiopia. Environmental Challenges 2021, 3, 100077, doi:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100077.
Kanno, G.G.; Lagiso, Z.A.; Abate, Z.G.; Areba, A.S.; Gondol, B.N.; Temesgen, H.; Van Wyk, R.; Aregu, M.B. Estimation of Rainwater Harvesting Potential for Emergency Water Demand in the Era of COVID-19. The Case of Dilla Town, Southern, Ethiopia. Environmental Challenges 2021, 3, 100077, doi:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100077.
Kanno, G.G.; Lagiso, Z.A.; Abate, Z.G.; Areba, A.S.; Gondol, B.N.; Temesgen, H.; Van Wyk, R.; Aregu, M.B. Estimation of Rainwater Harvesting Potential for Emergency Water Demand in the Era of COVID-19. The Case of Dilla Town, Southern, Ethiopia. Environmental Challenges 2021, 3, 100077, doi:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100077.
Abstract
Rainwater harvesting could be an optional water source to fulfil the emergency water demand in different setups. The aim was to assess if the rainwater harvesting potential for households and selected institutions were sufficient to satisfy the emergency water demand for the prevention of COVID-19 in Dilla town, Southern, Ethiopia. Rain water harvesting potential for households and selected institutions were quantified using 17 years’ worth of rainfall data from Ethiopian Metrology Agency. With an average annual rainfall of 1464 mm, households with 40 and 100 m2 roof sizes have a potential to harvest between 15.71-31.15 m3 and 41.73-82.73 m3 of water using Maximum Error Estimate. Meanwhile 7.2-39.7 m3 and 19.11-105.35 m3 of water can be harvested from the same roof sizes using Coefficient of Variation for calculation. Considering mean monthly rainfall, the health centres and Dilla University can attain 45.7% and 77% of their emergency water demand, while the rest of the selected institutions in Dilla Town can attain more than 100 % of their demand using only rainwater. Rain water can be an alternative water source for the town in the fight against COVID-19.
Keywords
COVID-19; Dilla; Emergency water demand; Ethiopia; Rain Water Harvesting
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Water Science and Technology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
12 October 2020
Commenter:
Girum Kanno
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
Changes were made mainly on the introduction, method and discussion part. In the previous manuscript the amount of emergency water used was not explained in detail so we have tried to addressed that using international standards. The discussion part was also addressed in depth. Conflict of interest and authors contributions were included. We have also updated the referenses.
Commenter: Girum Kanno
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author