Version 1
: Received: 2 December 2019 / Approved: 3 December 2019 / Online: 3 December 2019 (11:10:12 CET)
How to cite:
Ikehara, K. Protein 0th-Order Structure: The Key for Creating Entirely New Gene/Protein. Preprints2019, 2019120021. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201912.0021.v1
Ikehara, K. Protein 0th-Order Structure: The Key for Creating Entirely New Gene/Protein. Preprints 2019, 2019120021. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201912.0021.v1
Ikehara, K. Protein 0th-Order Structure: The Key for Creating Entirely New Gene/Protein. Preprints2019, 2019120021. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201912.0021.v1
APA Style
Ikehara, K. (2019). Protein 0<sup>th</sup>-Order Structure: The Key for Creating Entirely New Gene/Protein. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201912.0021.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ikehara, K. 2019 "Protein 0<sup>th</sup>-Order Structure: The Key for Creating Entirely New Gene/Protein" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201912.0021.v1
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism, how entirely new (EntNew) gene/protein or the first ancestral gene/protein of a family was created, should be one of the most important issues in the biological sciences. However, the mechanism is totally unknown still now. On the other hand, it is well known that mature protein is generally rigid and one catalytic center exists on the protein. Creation of such a mature EntNew gene/protein should be, of course, carried out through random process, because it cannot be designed in advance. However, the EntNew gene/protein never be created by random polymerization of the respective monomeric units, because of the extraordinary large sequence diversities of ~10180 and ~10130, respectively. Protein 0th-order structure or a specific amino acid composition, in which immature but water-soluble protein can be produced even through random process, holds the key for solving the difficult problem. As it was fragmentally described in the previous papers how and where EntNew gene/protein was created, I describe in detail in this review three processes generating EntNew gene/protein with some flexibility under three genetic codes, the universal genetic code, SNS primitive code and GNC primeval code, and discuss why the mature gene/protein could be created through the processes.
Keywords
protein 0th-order structure; origin of gene; origin of protein; origin of genetic code; GNC primeval genetic code hypothesis; SNS primitive genetic code hypothesis
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
