Version 1
: Received: 10 January 2019 / Approved: 11 January 2019 / Online: 11 January 2019 (14:23:40 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 11 January 2019 / Approved: 14 January 2019 / Online: 14 January 2019 (12:23:21 CET)
Version 3
: Received: 28 July 2021 / Approved: 29 July 2021 / Online: 29 July 2021 (14:25:14 CEST)
Version 4
: Received: 6 August 2021 / Approved: 9 August 2021 / Online: 9 August 2021 (12:38:30 CEST)
Version 5
: Received: 30 March 2022 / Approved: 31 March 2022 / Online: 31 March 2022 (14:01:14 CEST)
How to cite:
Cornwall, R. Reconciling the Cosmological Constant with the Energy Density of Quantum Field Theories of the Zeropoint. Preprints2019, 2019010113. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201901.0113.v5
Cornwall, R. Reconciling the Cosmological Constant with the Energy Density of Quantum Field Theories of the Zeropoint. Preprints 2019, 2019010113. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201901.0113.v5
Cornwall, R. Reconciling the Cosmological Constant with the Energy Density of Quantum Field Theories of the Zeropoint. Preprints2019, 2019010113. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201901.0113.v5
APA Style
Cornwall, R. (2022). Reconciling the Cosmological Constant with the Energy Density of Quantum Field Theories of the Zeropoint. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201901.0113.v5
Chicago/Turabian Style
Cornwall, R. 2022 "Reconciling the Cosmological Constant with the Energy Density of Quantum Field Theories of the Zeropoint" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201901.0113.v5
Abstract
This paper results from our investigation into novel means of electromagnetic propulsion. It requires the basis of our claims to be put on a sound theoretical footing regarding the purported momentum exchange with the electromagnetic field. One of these concerns is the huge discrepancy between the energy density of the Zeropoint and its purported manifestation as the Cosmological Constant. Here we state that it is manifestly wrong to introduce the zeropoint at zero order into the stress-energy tensor, because it is something which describes zero particle count. As a fluctuation, it belongs in a higher order Taylor expansion in frequency of the stress-energy tensor. Furthermore in the 3rd order in the Einstein constant our procedure is some 9 orders of magnitude too small. We make up this difference by suggesting that vacuum energy is much higher still and that more degrees of freedom exist in physics beyond the Standard Model or that there is interaction energy between the modes.
Keywords
Zeropoint Energy; Cosmological Constant; Stress Energy Tensor; Einstein Field Equations; Standard Model; Dark Energy; Quantum Gravity
Subject
Physical Sciences, Quantum Science and Technology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Comment:
Ok, so we have the premise that I can sort out the 120 magnitude problem with expansion in GR field equations and an interaction to make up 9 orders of magnitude (so I say that ZPE is higher) but I need to better justify that extra interaction. I might do it in another paper or revise this one.
The problem is electrical fields don't have interaction between them - there is only interaction between charges. What I need to argue is that the persistence of zero-point modes (indeed, Gaussian wavepackets, as per Heisenberg UP undergoing "zitterbewegung" motion) makes them appear to be "virtual charges" and that they can interact.
I will need to look into virtual particle interactions as modes higher than 0.5MeV are said to produce e-e+ pairs and that may be a mechanism. This is a bit of a problem because EM fields/photons don't tend to be deflected by each other, certainly in the classical sense and only then with extremely strong fields, such that the vacuum becomes birefringent or there is photon-photon scattering. It is hard to understand this with the zero photon state YET, it has energy AND there's electrical fields present.
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
The problem is electrical fields don't have interaction between them - there is only interaction between charges. What I need to argue is that the persistence of zero-point modes (indeed, Gaussian wavepackets, as per Heisenberg UP undergoing "zitterbewegung" motion) makes them appear to be "virtual charges" and that they can interact.
I will need to look into virtual particle interactions as modes higher than 0.5MeV are said to produce e-e+ pairs and that may be a mechanism. This is a bit of a problem because EM fields/photons don't tend to be deflected by each other, certainly in the classical sense and only then with extremely strong fields, such that the vacuum becomes birefringent or there is photon-photon scattering. It is hard to understand this with the zero photon state YET, it has energy AND there's electrical fields present.