Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Altered Peripheral Amino Acid Profile Has Pivotal Role in Controlling Pro- and anti- Inflammatory Responses in Celiac Disease

Shayan Fallah
,
Nastaran Asri
ORCID logo ,
Abdolrahim Nikzamir
,
Shokoufeh Ahmadipour
,
Amir Sadeghi
,
Kamran Rostami
* ORCID logo ,
Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 13 September 2023 / Approved: 15 September 2023 / Online: 19 September 2023 (03:48:23 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Fallah, S.; Asri, N.; Nikzamir, A.; Ahmadipour, S.; Sadeghi, A.; Rostami, K.; Rostami-Nejad, M. Investigating the Impact of Vitamin A and Amino Acids on Immune Responses in Celiac Disease Patients. Diseases 2024, 12, 13. Fallah, S.; Asri, N.; Nikzamir, A.; Ahmadipour, S.; Sadeghi, A.; Rostami, K.; Rostami-Nejad, M. Investigating the Impact of Vitamin A and Amino Acids on Immune Responses in Celiac Disease Patients. Diseases 2024, 12, 13.

Abstract

The amino acids (AAs) and vitamins imbalances are observed in celiac disease (CD). This study evaluated the plasma profile of vitamin A and AAs and the expression level of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and TGFβ in CD patients. A total of 60 children and adults with CD and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Plasma profile of Vitamin A and AAs and the mRNA expression levels of target genes were assessed. Active adult patients exhibited a decrease in Vitamin A levels (p=0.04) and an increase in IL-2 (p=0.008) and IL-12 (p=0.007) mRNA expression compared to HCs. Treated adult patients showed elevated Serine (p=0.003) and Glycin (p=0.04) levels, as well as increased IL-12 (P<0.0001) mRNA expression, and a decrease in Tryptophan (p=0.04) levels relative to the controls. Additionally, treated adult patients had higher plasma levels of Threonine compared to both active (p=0.04) and control (p=0.02) subjects, and increased mRNA expression of IL-4 (p=0.01) in comparison to active patients. In active children with CD, IL-2 mRNA level was found to be higher than in controls (P<0.0001) and in treated children (p=0.005). Treated children with CD exhibited decreased plasma levels of Tryptophan (p=0.01) and Isoleucine (p=0.01) relative to the controls, and increased mRNA expression of TGFβ (p=0.04) relative to active patients. Managing Retinoic acid levels is crucial to alleviate intestinal inflammation of CD patients. Threonine, tryptophan, and Isoleucine are potential therapeutic options for treating CD, and targeting serine, histidine, tyrosine, and aspartate may hold promise as therapeutic targets for CD patients.

Keywords

celiac disease; gluten free diet; amino acids; vitamin A; treatment

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergy

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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