Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Early Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury – State of the Art

Débora Gouveia
,
Ana Cardoso
,
Carla Carvalho
,
Ana Catarina Oliveira
,
António Almeida
,
Óscar Gamboa
,
B. Lopes
ORCID logo ,
André Coelho
,
R.D. Alvites
ORCID logo ,
Artur Severo P. Varejão
ORCID logo ,
Ana Colette Maurício
* ORCID logo ,
António Ferreira
,
Ângela Martins
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 12 February 2024 / Approved: 13 February 2024 / Online: 13 February 2024 (10:27:28 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Gouveia, D.; Cardoso, A.; Carvalho, C.; Oliveira, A.C.; Almeida, A.; Gamboa, Ó.; Lopes, B.; Coelho, A.; Alvites, R.; Varejão, A.S.; Maurício, A.C.; Ferreira, A.; Martins, Â. Early Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury—State of the Art. Animals 2024, 14, 884. Gouveia, D.; Cardoso, A.; Carvalho, C.; Oliveira, A.C.; Almeida, A.; Gamboa, Ó.; Lopes, B.; Coelho, A.; Alvites, R.; Varejão, A.S.; Maurício, A.C.; Ferreira, A.; Martins, Â. Early Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury—State of the Art. Animals 2024, 14, 884.

Abstract

Traumatic nerve injuries are common lesions that affect several hundred thousand humans, as well as dogs and cats. The assessment of nerve regeneration trough animal models may provide information for translational research and future therapeutic options that can be applied mutually in veterinary and human medicine, in a one health perspective. This review offers a hands-on vision about the non-invasive and conservative approaches on peripheral nerve injury, focusing the role of neurorehabilitation in nerve repair and regeneration. The peripheral nerve injury may lead to hypersensitivity, allodynia and hyperalgesia, with the possibility of joint contractures, decreasing functionality and impairing the quality of life. The question remains regarding how to improve nerve repair with surgical possibilities, but also considering electrical stimulation modalities by modulating sensory feedback, upregulation BDNF, GFNF, TrKB and adenosine monophosphate, maintaining muscle mass and modulating fatigue. This could be improved by the positive synergetic effect of exercises and physical activity with locomotor training, and other physical modalities, such as low-level laser therapy and ultrasounds. In addition, the use of cell-based therapies is an innovative treatment tool in this field. These strategies may help avoiding situations of permanent monoplegic limbs that could lead to amputation.

Keywords

PNI; neurorehabilitation; nerve repair; electrical stimulation; exercises; locomotor training.

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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