An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies Against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated Against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2

Palmira Immordino; Vincenzo Pisciotta; Emanuele Amodio; Celestino Bonura; Floriana Bonura; Federica Cacioppo; Giuseppe Calamusa; Giuseppina Capra; Alessandra Casuccio; Simona De Grazia; Dario Genovese; Davide Graci; Guido Lacca; Giuseppa Luisa Sanfilippo; Maria Gabriella Verso; Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco; Donatella Ferraro

doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0515.v1

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preprints.org > public health and healthcare > public health and health services > doi: 10.20944/preprints202310.0515.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies Against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated Against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2

^* ,

Giuseppa Luisa Sanfilippo

Maria Gabriella Verso

Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco

Donatella Ferraro

Version 1 : Received: 6 October 2023 / Approved: 9 October 2023 / Online: 10 October 2023 (02:50:24 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Immordino, P.; Pisciotta, V.; Amodio, E.; Bonura, C.; Bonura, F.; Cacioppo, F.; Calamusa, G.; Capra, G.; Casuccio, A.; Grazia, S.D.; Genovese, D.; Graci, D.; Lacca, G.; Sanfilippo, G.L.; Verso, M.G.; Giammanco, G.M.; Ferraro, D. An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1702. Immordino, P.; Pisciotta, V.; Amodio, E.; Bonura, C.; Bonura, F.; Cacioppo, F.; Calamusa, G.; Capra, G.; Casuccio, A.; Grazia, S.D.; Genovese, D.; Graci, D.; Lacca, G.; Sanfilippo, G.L.; Verso, M.G.; Giammanco, G.M.; Ferraro, D. An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1702.

Abstract

Although the anti-COVID-19 vaccination has proved to be an effective preventive tool, "break-through infections" have been documented in patients with complete primary vaccination course. Most of the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies pro-duced after SARS-CoV-2 infection target the spike protein receptor-binding domain which has an important role in facilitating viral entry and infection of the host cells. SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the ability to evolve by accumulating mutations in the spike protein to escape the humoral response of the host. The aim of this study is to compare the titers of neutralizing an-tibodies against the variants of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing the sera of recovered and vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs). 293 HCWs were enrolled and divided into three cohorts as follows: 91 recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection (nVP); 102 vac-cinated who became positive after the primary cycle (VP); 100 vaccinated with complete primary cycle who concluded the follow-up pe-riod without becoming positive (VN). Higher neutraliza-tion titers were observed in the vaccinated subjects’ arms com-pared to the nVP arm. Differences in neutralization titers between arms for single variant were statistically significant (p<0.001) except for titers against the Alpha variant (p<0.05) between nVP and VP. Within the nVP group, the number of subjects with the absence of neutralizing antibodies was high. The presence of high-er titers in patients with a complete primary cycle compared to patients recovered from the infec-tion suggests a better efficacy of artificial immunization compared to natural im-munization, further encouraging the promotion of vaccination even in subjects with previous infection.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2; healthcare workers; vaccine; COVID-19; neutralizing antibodies; variants of concern

Subject

Public Health and Healthcare, Public Health and Health Services

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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