Shpakou, A.; Krajewska-Kułak, E.; Cybulski, M.; Sokołowska, D.; Andryszczyk, M.; Kleszczewska, E.; Loginovich, Y.; Owoc, J.; Tarasov, A.; Skoblina, N.; Kowalczuk, K. Anxiety, Stress Perception, and Coping Strategies among Students with COVID-19 Exposure. J. Clin. Med.2023, 12, 4404.
Shpakou, A.; Krajewska-Kułak, E.; Cybulski, M.; Sokołowska, D.; Andryszczyk, M.; Kleszczewska, E.; Loginovich, Y.; Owoc, J.; Tarasov, A.; Skoblina, N.; Kowalczuk, K. Anxiety, Stress Perception, and Coping Strategies among Students with COVID-19 Exposure. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 4404.
Shpakou, A.; Krajewska-Kułak, E.; Cybulski, M.; Sokołowska, D.; Andryszczyk, M.; Kleszczewska, E.; Loginovich, Y.; Owoc, J.; Tarasov, A.; Skoblina, N.; Kowalczuk, K. Anxiety, Stress Perception, and Coping Strategies among Students with COVID-19 Exposure. J. Clin. Med.2023, 12, 4404.
Shpakou, A.; Krajewska-Kułak, E.; Cybulski, M.; Sokołowska, D.; Andryszczyk, M.; Kleszczewska, E.; Loginovich, Y.; Owoc, J.; Tarasov, A.; Skoblina, N.; Kowalczuk, K. Anxiety, Stress Perception, and Coping Strategies among Students with COVID-19 Exposure. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 4404.
Abstract
Background: Studying anxiety, stress and the selection of coping strategies in the COVID-19 pandemic is necessary to minimize the adverse changes associated with the risk of infection and the consequences of the disease. Objective: To investigate the level of anxiety, stress perception and coping strategies in relation to the presence of illness. Material and Methods: The anonymous cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 3950 university students of northeastern Poland (1822), Lithuania (232) and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad (1896). Due to the almost identically applied anti-epidemic measures, the respondents were treated as a unified group. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale-10 and Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced questionnaires were used. Results: Among 1212 men and 2738 women, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 348 (28.7%) and 1020 (37.3%) individuals, respectively, according to the clinical protocol. The prolonged nature of the process and the longer consequences of the disease were indicated by an increase in anxiety levels. Conclusions: The risk of possible infection and coping with illness required the adoption of active anti-stress strategies, which was observed regardless of going through the disease. Convalescents differed from non-diseased individuals in having higher levels of concern about their own emotions and their more frequent turn to religion, notably among the females. The repertoire of strategies among women was broader, with elevated levels of helplessness and avoidance seen as integral strategies.
Keywords
university students; anxiety stress perception; coping strategies; pandemic; COVID-19 patients
Subject
Public Health and Healthcare, Public, Environmental and Occupational Health
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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