Yuan, Z.; Wu, T.; Wang, Q.; Yang, Y.; Li, L.; Zhang, L. T3OMVP: A Transformer-Based Time and Team Reinforcement Learning Scheme for Observation-Constrained Multi-Vehicle Pursuit in Urban Area. Electronics2022, 11, 1339.
Yuan, Z.; Wu, T.; Wang, Q.; Yang, Y.; Li, L.; Zhang, L. T3OMVP: A Transformer-Based Time and Team Reinforcement Learning Scheme for Observation-Constrained Multi-Vehicle Pursuit in Urban Area. Electronics 2022, 11, 1339.
Yuan, Z.; Wu, T.; Wang, Q.; Yang, Y.; Li, L.; Zhang, L. T3OMVP: A Transformer-Based Time and Team Reinforcement Learning Scheme for Observation-Constrained Multi-Vehicle Pursuit in Urban Area. Electronics2022, 11, 1339.
Yuan, Z.; Wu, T.; Wang, Q.; Yang, Y.; Li, L.; Zhang, L. T3OMVP: A Transformer-Based Time and Team Reinforcement Learning Scheme for Observation-Constrained Multi-Vehicle Pursuit in Urban Area. Electronics 2022, 11, 1339.
Abstract
Smart Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI) will contribute to vehicle decision-making in the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Multi-Vehicle Pursuit games (MVP), a multi-vehicle cooperative ability to capture mobile targets, is becoming a hot research topic gradually. Although there are some achievements in the field of MVP in the open space environment, the urban area brings complicated road structures and restricted moving spaces as challenges to the resolution of MVP games. We define an Observation-constrained MVP (OMVP) problem in this paper and propose a Transformer-based Time and Team Reinforcement Learning scheme (T3OMVP) to address the problem. First, a new multi-vehicle pursuit model is constructed based on decentralized partially observed Markov decision processes (Dec-POMDP) to instantiate this problem. Second, by introducing and modifying the transformer-based observation sequence, QMIX is redefined to adapt to the complicated road structure, restricted moving spaces and constrained observations, so as to control vehicles to pursue the target combining the vehicle’s observations. Third, a multi-intersection urban environment is built to verify the proposed scheme. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed T3OMVP scheme achieves significant improvements relative to state-of-the-art QMIX approaches by 9.66%~106.25%. Code is available at https://github.com/pipihaiziguai/T3OMVP.
Keywords
multi-agent systems; multi-agent reinforcement learning; internet of vehicles; urban area
Subject
Computer Science and Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
