Version 1
: Received: 29 September 2020 / Approved: 30 September 2020 / Online: 30 September 2020 (15:04:49 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 24 October 2020 / Approved: 26 October 2020 / Online: 26 October 2020 (11:45:00 CET)
Citi, V.; Piragine, E.; Brogi, S.; Ottino, S.; Calderone, V. Development of In Vitro Corneal Models: Opportunity for Pharmacological Testing. Methods and Protocols, 2020, 3, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps3040074.
Citi, V.; Piragine, E.; Brogi, S.; Ottino, S.; Calderone, V. Development of In Vitro Corneal Models: Opportunity for Pharmacological Testing. Methods and Protocols, 2020, 3, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps3040074.
Citi, V.; Piragine, E.; Brogi, S.; Ottino, S.; Calderone, V. Development of In Vitro Corneal Models: Opportunity for Pharmacological Testing. Methods and Protocols, 2020, 3, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps3040074.
Citi, V.; Piragine, E.; Brogi, S.; Ottino, S.; Calderone, V. Development of In Vitro Corneal Models: Opportunity for Pharmacological Testing. Methods and Protocols, 2020, 3, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps3040074.
Abstract
Human eye is a specialized organ with complex anatomy and physiology, because it is characterized by different cell types with specific physiological functions. Given the complexity of the eye, ocular tissues are finely organized and orchestrated. In the last few years many in vitro models have been developed, in order to meet the 3Rs principle (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) for eye toxicity testing. This procedure is highly necessary to ensure that the risks associated with ophthalmic products meet appropriate safety criteria. In vitro preclinical testing is now a well-established practice of significant importance for evaluating the efficacy and safety of cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical products. Along with in vitro testing, also computational procedures, herein described, for evaluating the pharmacological profile of potential ocular drug candidates including their toxicity, are in rapid expansion. In this review the ocular cell types and functionality are described providing an overview about the scientific challenge for the development of three-dimensional in vitro models.
Keywords
3D in vitro models; eye research; in silico analysis; eye anatomy
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergy
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Commenter: Simone Brogi
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author