Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Evaluation of the Severity of Major Depression Using a Voice Index for Emotional Arousal

Shuji Shinohara
* ORCID logo ,
Hiroyuki Toda
,
Mitsuteru Nakamura
,
Yasuhiro Omiya
,
Masakazu Higuchi
ORCID logo ,
Takeshi Takano
ORCID logo ,
Taku Saito
,
Masaaki Tanichi
,
Shuken Boku
,
Shunji Mitsuyoshi
,
Mirai So
,
Aihide Yoshino
,
Shinich Tokuno
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 8 August 2020 / Approved: 9 August 2020 / Online: 9 August 2020 (21:15:01 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Shinohara, S.; Toda, H.; Nakamura, M.; Omiya, Y.; Higuchi, M.; Takano, T.; Saito, T.; Tanichi, M.; Boku, S.; Mitsuyoshi, S.; So, M.; Yoshino, A.; Tokuno, S. Evaluation of the Severity of Major Depression Using a Voice Index for Emotional Arousal. Sensors 2020, 20, 5041. Shinohara, S.; Toda, H.; Nakamura, M.; Omiya, Y.; Higuchi, M.; Takano, T.; Saito, T.; Tanichi, M.; Boku, S.; Mitsuyoshi, S.; So, M.; Yoshino, A.; Tokuno, S. Evaluation of the Severity of Major Depression Using a Voice Index for Emotional Arousal. Sensors 2020, 20, 5041.

Abstract

Recently, the relationship between emotional arousal and depression has been studied. Focusing on this relationship, we first developed an arousal level voice index (ALVI) to measure arousal levels using the Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture database. Then, we calculated ALVI from the voices of depressed patients from two hospitals (Ginza Taimei Clinic [GTC] and National Defense Medical College hospital [NDMC]) and compared them with the severity of depression as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Depending on the HAM-D score, the datasets were classified into a no depression (HAM-D<8) and a depression group (HAM-D≥8) for each hospital. A comparison of the mean ALVI between the groups was performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and a significant difference at the level of 10% (p = 0.094) at GTC and 1% (p = 0.0038) at NDMC was determined. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic was 0.66 when categorizing between the two groups for GTC, and the AUC for NDMC was 0.70. The relationship between arousal level and depression severity was indirectly suggested via ALVI.

Keywords

arousal level; emotion; major depression severity; voice index; Hurst exponent; zero-crossing rate; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression

Subject

Computer Science and Mathematics, Mathematical and Computational Biology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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