Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

A Pilot Randomized Crossover Trial Assessing the Safety and Short-Term Effects of Walnut Consumption by Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Pilar Sanchis
* ORCID logo ,
Marilisa Molina
,
Francisco Berga
,
Elena Muñoz
,
Regina Fortuny
,
Antonia Costa-Bauza
ORCID logo ,
Felix Grases
* ORCID logo ,
Juan Manuel Buades
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 1 November 2019 / Approved: 4 November 2019 / Online: 4 November 2019 (02:59:12 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Sanchis, P.; Molina, M.; Berga, F.; Muñoz, E.; Fortuny, R.; Costa-Bauzá, A.; Grases, F.; Buades, J.M. A Pilot Randomized Crossover Trial Assessing the Safety and Short-Term Effects of Walnut Consumption by Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2020, 12, 63. Sanchis, P.; Molina, M.; Berga, F.; Muñoz, E.; Fortuny, R.; Costa-Bauzá, A.; Grases, F.; Buades, J.M. A Pilot Randomized Crossover Trial Assessing the Safety and Short-Term Effects of Walnut Consumption by Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2020, 12, 63.

Abstract

The aim of this study of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is to assess the safety of daily consumption of walnuts on the physiological levels of phosphorous, potassium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and to assess the short-term benefits of this intervention on risk factors associated with cardiovascular events. This led us to perform a prospective, randomized, cross-over, pilot clinical trial examined 13 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Subjects were randomly assigned to a diet of 30 g of walnuts per day or the control diet. After 30 days, each group was given a 30-day washout period, and then switched to the alternate diet for 30 days. Urinary and serum levels of phosphorous and potassium, multiple vascular risk factors, and urinary inositol phosphates (InsPs) were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention period. Our results showed that the walnut dietary supplement led to reduced blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and serum albumin, but had no effect on the physiological levels of phosphorous, potassium, PTH, and FGF23. This is the first report to show that daily consumption of walnuts by patients with CKD does not alter their physiological levels of phosphorous, potassium, PTH, and FGF23. Consequently, this dietary supplement may prevent cardiovascular events in patients with CKD.

Keywords

walnuts; kidney disease; phytate; dietary intervention; phosphorous

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Urology and Nephrology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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