Version 1
: Received: 30 April 2024 / Approved: 1 May 2024 / Online: 2 May 2024 (12:03:42 CEST)
How to cite:
Zafar, K.; Azuama, O.; Parveen, N. Current Treatment Approaches to Eliminate Borrelia burgdorferi and Potential Strategies to Alleviate Persistent Lyme Disease Symptoms. Preprints2024, 2024050087. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0087.v1
Zafar, K.; Azuama, O.; Parveen, N. Current Treatment Approaches to Eliminate Borrelia burgdorferi and Potential Strategies to Alleviate Persistent Lyme Disease Symptoms. Preprints 2024, 2024050087. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0087.v1
Zafar, K.; Azuama, O.; Parveen, N. Current Treatment Approaches to Eliminate Borrelia burgdorferi and Potential Strategies to Alleviate Persistent Lyme Disease Symptoms. Preprints2024, 2024050087. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0087.v1
APA Style
Zafar, K., Azuama, O., & Parveen, N. (2024). Current Treatment Approaches to Eliminate <em>Borrelia burgdorferi </em>and Potential Strategies to Alleviate Persistent Lyme Disease Symptoms. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0087.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Zafar, K., Onyedikachi Azuama and Nikhat Parveen. 2024 "Current Treatment Approaches to Eliminate <em>Borrelia burgdorferi </em>and Potential Strategies to Alleviate Persistent Lyme Disease Symptoms" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0087.v1
Abstract
Lyme disease is a highly prevalent tick-borne infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes in North America and Eurasia. Diagnosis of the early disease remains difficult with the currently approved serological tests in the absence of noticeable tick bite or erythema migrans due to presentation of non-specific symptoms and the absence of antibodies early in infection. Furthermore, it is difficult to distinguish persistence of disease and reinfection in the endemic regions. If not treated early, infection spreads throughout the body and affects most organs with disease manifestations including arthritis, musculoskeletal pain, neuroborreliosis and acrodermatitis chronicum atrophicans. Although most patients recover after antibiotic treatment, ~10-12% of show recurrence of symptoms known as post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). Various causes of PTLDS are not well-defined; however, the spirochete persisters, antigenic debris, dysregulation of immunological response in individuals or a combination of these factors are proposed to result in continuation of Lyme disease manifestations. Based on these considerations, this review highlights currently employed treatment approaches with antimicrobials and vaccines being tried for prevention of B. burgdorferi infection. We also summarize combinatorial approaches that could be employed to alleviate symptoms to improve the quality of life of the individuals suffering from long Lyme disease.
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
