Version 1
: Received: 4 March 2024 / Approved: 6 March 2024 / Online: 6 March 2024 (10:03:26 CET)
How to cite:
Baranchyk, Y.; Gestels, Z.; Van Den Bossche, D.; Abdellati, S.; Britto Xavier, B.; Basil Manoharan, S.; Kenyon, C. Effect of Erythromycin Residuals in Food on the Development of Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: An In Vivo Study in Galleria mellonella. Preprints2024, 2024030324. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0324.v1
Baranchyk, Y.; Gestels, Z.; Van Den Bossche, D.; Abdellati, S.; Britto Xavier, B.; Basil Manoharan, S.; Kenyon, C. Effect of Erythromycin Residuals in Food on the Development of Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: An In Vivo Study in Galleria mellonella. Preprints 2024, 2024030324. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0324.v1
Baranchyk, Y.; Gestels, Z.; Van Den Bossche, D.; Abdellati, S.; Britto Xavier, B.; Basil Manoharan, S.; Kenyon, C. Effect of Erythromycin Residuals in Food on the Development of Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: An In Vivo Study in Galleria mellonella. Preprints2024, 2024030324. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0324.v1
APA Style
Baranchyk, Y., Gestels, Z., Van Den Bossche, D., Abdellati, S., Britto Xavier, B., Basil Manoharan, S., & Kenyon, C. (2024). <strong></strong>Effect of Erythromycin Residuals in Food on the Development of Resistance in <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>: An <em>In Vivo</em> Study in <em>Galleria mellonella</em>. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0324.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Baranchyk, Y., Sheeba Basil Manoharan and Chris Kenyon. 2024 "<strong></strong>Effect of Erythromycin Residuals in Food on the Development of Resistance in <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>: An <em>In Vivo</em> Study in <em>Galleria mellonella</em>" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0324.v1
Abstract
BackgroundThe use of antimicrobials to treat food animals may result in antimicrobial residues in foodstuffs of animal origin. The European Medicines Association (EMA) and World Health Organization (WHO) define safe antimicrobial concentrations in food based on acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). It is unknown if ADI doses of antimicrobials in food could influence the antimicrobial susceptibility of human-associated bacteria. ObjectivesThis aim of this study was to evaluate if the consumption of ADI doses of erythromycin could select for erythromycin resistance in a Galleria mellonella model of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.MethodsA chronic model of S. pneumoniae infection in G. mellonella larvae was used for the experiment. Inoculation of larvae with S. pneumoniae was followed by injections of EMA (0.0875 μg/ml) and WHO (0.012 μg/ml) ADI doses of erythromycin proceeded by isolation of S. pneumoniae colonies on selective agar plates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of resistant colonies were measured, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed followed by variant calling to determine the genetic modifications. ResultsExposure to single doses of both EMA and WHO ADI doses of erythromycin resulted in the emergence of erythromycin resistance in S. pneumoniae. Emergent resistance to erythromycin was associated with a mutation in rplA.ConclusionIn our in vivo model, even single dose of erythromycin that are classified as acceptable by the WHO and EMA induced significant increases in erythromycin MICs in S. pneumoniae. These results suggest the need to include the induction of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a significant criterion for determining ADIs.
Keywords
S. pneumoniae; erythromycin; AMR; MSC (minimal selective concentration); G. mellonella; ADI (acceptable daily intake); MRL (maximum residue limit); HGT (horizontal gene transfer)
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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