Version 1
: Received: 22 February 2024 / Approved: 22 February 2024 / Online: 22 February 2024 (07:52:40 CET)
How to cite:
Jeon, E.B.; Park, S.Y. Application of Sodium Hypochlorite for Human Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus Inactivation in Groundwater. Preprints2024, 2024021263. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1263.v1
Jeon, E.B.; Park, S.Y. Application of Sodium Hypochlorite for Human Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus Inactivation in Groundwater. Preprints 2024, 2024021263. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1263.v1
Jeon, E.B.; Park, S.Y. Application of Sodium Hypochlorite for Human Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus Inactivation in Groundwater. Preprints2024, 2024021263. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1263.v1
APA Style
Jeon, E.B., & Park, S.Y. (2024). Application of Sodium Hypochlorite for Human Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus Inactivation in Groundwater. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1263.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Jeon, E.B. and Shin Young Park. 2024 "Application of Sodium Hypochlorite for Human Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus Inactivation in Groundwater" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1263.v1
Abstract
In this study, the effect of NaOCl (10–200 ppm of Cl2) on the inactivation of human norovirus (HuNV) GII.4 and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in groundwater was investigated using PMA/RTqPCR. Initially, 4.00 log copies/μL of HuNV GII.4 or 5.50 log copies/μL of HAV were artificially inoculated in ground water. The titers of HuNV GII.4 and HAV decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing Cl2 concentrations. Ground water was treated with 10, 30, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm of Cl2, and the viable HuNV GII.4 was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to 3.28 (0.21 log reduction), 3.18 (0.31 log reduction), 3.01 (0.48 log reduction), 2.75 (0.74 log reduction), 2.54 (0.95 log reduction), and 2.34 (1.15 log reduction) log copies/μL, respectively. The viable HAV was also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to 4.99 (0.23 log reduction), 4.76 (0.46 log reduction), 4.55 (0.67 log reduction), 4.21 (1.01 log reduction), 3.89 (1.33 log reduction), and 3.64 (1.58 log reduction) log copies/μL, respectively. The decimal reduction time (D-value) (1-log reduction) of HuNV GII.4 and HAV infectivity in ground water was predicted as 116.7 and 98.9 ppm of Cl2, respectively using the first-order kinetics model (HuNV GII.4 ; y = - 0.0054x + 3.3585, R2= 0.97, HAV ; y = - 0.0091x + 5.0470, R2= 0.97). The result specifically suggests that 150–200 ppm Cl2 can potentially be used for the inactivation of > 1 log copies/μL HuNV GII.4 and HAV in ground water.
Keywords
Sodium Hypochlorite; Human norovirus; Hepatitis A Virus; Groundwater
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Virology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
