Association between Maternal Birth Weight and Prevalence of Congenital Malformations in Their offspring：The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Hamada, H.; Iwama, N.; Tomita, H.; Tagami, K.; Kumagai, N.; Kudo, R.; Wang, H.; Izumi, S.; Watanabe, Z.; Ishikuro, M.; Obara, T.; Tatsuta, N.; Metoki, H.; Saito, M.; Ota, C.; Kuriyama, S.; Arima, T.; Yaegashi, N.; The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group . Association between Maternal Birth Weight and Prevalence of Congenital Malformations in Offspring: The Japanese Environment and Children’s Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 531. Hamada, H.; Iwama, N.; Tomita, H.; Tagami, K.; Kumagai, N.; Kudo, R.; Wang, H.; Izumi, S.; Watanabe, Z.; Ishikuro, M.; Obara, T.; Tatsuta, N.; Metoki, H.; Saito, M.; Ota, C.; Kuriyama, S.; Arima, T.; Yaegashi, N.; The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group . Association between Maternal Birth Weight and Prevalence of Congenital Malformations in Offspring: The Japanese Environment and Children’s Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 531.

Abstract

Congenital malformations are functional and structural alterations in embryonic or foetal development resulting from a variety of factors including maternal health status. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal birth weight (MBW) and the prevalence of congenital malformations in the offspring using data from a nationwide birth cohort study in Japan including 103,060 pregnancies. A binary logistic regression model with adjustment for various covariates revealed that MBW of <2,500 g (low MBW) was associated with increased risk of congenital heart disease (adjusted odds ratio: 1.388, [95% confidence interval: 1.075–1.792]), angioma (1.491 [1.079–2.059]), and inguinal hernia (1.746, [1.189–2.565]), while MBW of ≥4,000 g (high MBW) with congenital anomalies of the urinary tract (2.194, [1.261–3.819]), and arrhythmia (1.775, [1.157–2.725]), compared with those with MBW of 3,000-3,499 g. Low MBW was associated with cleft lip and/or palate (1.473, [1.052–2.064]), congenital heart disease (1.615, [1.119–2.332]), genital organs(1.648, [1.130–2.405]), hypospadias (1.804, [1.130–2.881]), and inguinal hernia (1.484, [1.189–1.851]) in male infants and CAKUT (1.619, [1.154–2.273]) in female infants, whereas high MBW was associated with congenital heart disease(1.745, [1.058–2.877]) and CAKUT (2.470, [1.350–4.517]) in male infants. The present study is the first to demonstrate a link between MBW and congenital malformations in Japanese children. While these results must be interpreted with caution, MBW should be considered a major predictor of congenital malformation risk.

Keywords

Birth cohort; Congenital malformations; Maternal birth weight

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Life Sciences

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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