Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

PLGA Encapsulated Antigen ES-15 of Haemonchus contortus Improves the Immune Responses in Murine Model

Muhammad Waqqas Hasan
ORCID logo ,
Muhammad Ehsan
,
Qiangqiang Wang
,
Muhammad Haseeb
ORCID logo ,
Shakeel Ahmed Lakho
,
Ali Haider
,
Mingmin Lu
ORCID logo ,
Lixin Xu
ORCID logo ,
Xiaokai Song
,
Ruofeng Yan
* ,
Xiangrui Li
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 18 October 2023 / Approved: 18 October 2023 / Online: 20 October 2023 (06:10:50 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Hasan, M.W.; Ehsan, M.; Wang, Q.; Haseeb, M.; Lakho, S.A.; Haider, A.; Lu, M.; Xu, L.; Song, X.; Yan, R.; Li, X. PLGA-Encapsulated Haemonchus contortus Antigen ES-15 Augments Immune Responses in a Murine Model. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1794. Hasan, M.W.; Ehsan, M.; Wang, Q.; Haseeb, M.; Lakho, S.A.; Haider, A.; Lu, M.; Xu, L.; Song, X.; Yan, R.; Li, X. PLGA-Encapsulated Haemonchus contortus Antigen ES-15 Augments Immune Responses in a Murine Model. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1794.

Abstract

Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) is a gastrointestinal parasite affecting small ruminants, leading to a significant decline in animal productivity. In this study, we developed a nanovaccine by encapsulating the recombinant protein rHcES-15, derived from the excretory/secretory products of H. contortus, within biodegradable poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). To construct the nanovaccine, PLGA NPs were prepared using a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated successful encapsulation of rHcES-15 within PLGA NPs, with a size ranging between 350-400 nm. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the antigen in the nanovaccine was determined to be 72%. A total of forty experimental mice were divided into five groups, receiving the nanovaccine on day 0 and being humanely sacrificed at the end of the 14-day trial. The stimulation index (SI) from mice vaccinated with the nanovaccine indicated an amplified lymphocyte proliferation and a significant increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17). Furthermore, the percentages of T-cells (CD4+, CD8+) and dendritic cell phenotypes (CD83+, CD86+) were substantially upregulated in mice immunized with the nanovaccine compared to control groups and the rHcES-15 group. Similarly, higher levels of antigen-specific serum immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgG2a, IgM) were observed in response to the nanovaccine compared to both the antigenic (rHcES-15) and control groups. In conclusion, the data strongly supports the notion that encapsulation of rHcES-15 within PLGA NPs effectively stimulates immune cells in vivo, ultimately augmenting antigen-specific adaptive immune responses against H. contortus. This discovery highlights the promising potential of the nanovaccine, justifying additional investigations to ascertain its efficacy finally.

Keywords

Haemonchus contortus; rHcES-15; PLGA; nanoparticles; vaccination; mice

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Download PDF

Comments (0)

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
Views 0
Downloads 0
Comments 0
Metrics 0
Get PDF Cite Share 0
Bookmark BibSonomy Mendeley Reddit Delicious
×
Alerts
Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.