Tezze, C.; Sandri, M.; Tessari, P. Anabolic Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Role of Nutrition and Exercise in Young and Old People. Nutrients2023, 15, 4073.
Tezze, C.; Sandri, M.; Tessari, P. Anabolic Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Role of Nutrition and Exercise in Young and Old People. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4073.
Tezze, C.; Sandri, M.; Tessari, P. Anabolic Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Role of Nutrition and Exercise in Young and Old People. Nutrients2023, 15, 4073.
Tezze, C.; Sandri, M.; Tessari, P. Anabolic Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Role of Nutrition and Exercise in Young and Old People. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4073.
Abstract
The development of sarcopenia in the elderly is associated to many potential factors and/or processes, that impair the renovation and the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength as ageing progresses. Among them, a defect by skeletal muscle to respond to anabolic stimuli is to be considered.
Common anabolic stimuli/signals in skeletal muscle are hormones (insulin, growth hormones, IGF-1, androgens, β-agonists such epinephrine), substrates (amino acids as protein precursors on top, but also glucose and fat, as source of energy), metabolites (such as β-agonists and HMB), some cytokines, various biochemical/ intracellular mediators), physical exercise, neurogenic and immune-modulating factors, etc. Each of them may exhibit a reduced effect upon skeletal muscle as ageing progresses.
In this review article, we will concisely overview the effects of anabolic signals on muscle metabolism, as well as currently available evidence of a resistance, at skeletal muscle level, to any of the above-mentioned anabolic factors, from both in vitro and in vivo studies.
Keywords
exercise; intracellular signals; nutrition; protein foods; protein synthesis; sarcopenia; skeletal muscle.
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Dietetics and Nutrition
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
