Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Dysregulated Signalling Pathways Driving Anti-cancer Drug Resistance
Version 1
: Received: 18 July 2023 / Approved: 18 July 2023 / Online: 19 July 2023 (09:14:02 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Bou Antoun, N.; Chioni, A.-M. Dysregulated Signalling Pathways Driving Anticancer Drug Resistance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12222. Bou Antoun, N.; Chioni, A.-M. Dysregulated Signalling Pathways Driving Anticancer Drug Resistance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12222.
Abstract
One of the leading causes of death worldwide, in both man and woman, is cancer. Despite the significant development in therapeutic strategies, the inevitable emergence of drug resistance limits the success and impedes the curative outcome. Intrinsic and acquired resistance are common mechanisms responsible for cancer relapse. Several factors crucially regulate tumourigenesis and resistance, including physical barriers, tumour microenvironment (TME), heterogeneity, genetic and epigenetic alterations, the immune system, tumour burden, growth kinetics and undruggable targets. Moreover, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Notch, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), integrin-extracellular matrix (ECM), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphoinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) and RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways are some of the key players that have a pivotal role in drug resistance mechanisms. To guide future cancer treatments and improve results, a deeper comprehension of drug resistance pathways is necessary. This review will cover both intrinsic and acquired resistance and give a comprehensive overview of recent research on mechanisms that enable cancer cells to bypass barriers put by treatments, and like “satellite navigation”, find alternative routes to carry on their “journey” to cancer progression.
Keywords
Cancer; tumourigenesis; drug resistance; signalling pathways; Wnt/β-catenin pathway; JAK/STAT pathway; PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway; RAS/RAF/MAPK/ERK signalling
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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