Ashrafian, F.; Bagheri Amiri, F.; Bavand, A.; Zali, M.; Sadat Larijani, M.; Ramezani, A. A Comparative Study of Immunogenicity, Antibody Persistence, and Safety of Three Different COVID-19 Boosters between Individuals with Comorbidities and the Normal Population. Vaccines2023, 11, 1376.
Ashrafian, F.; Bagheri Amiri, F.; Bavand, A.; Zali, M.; Sadat Larijani, M.; Ramezani, A. A Comparative Study of Immunogenicity, Antibody Persistence, and Safety of Three Different COVID-19 Boosters between Individuals with Comorbidities and the Normal Population. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1376.
Ashrafian, F.; Bagheri Amiri, F.; Bavand, A.; Zali, M.; Sadat Larijani, M.; Ramezani, A. A Comparative Study of Immunogenicity, Antibody Persistence, and Safety of Three Different COVID-19 Boosters between Individuals with Comorbidities and the Normal Population. Vaccines2023, 11, 1376.
Ashrafian, F.; Bagheri Amiri, F.; Bavand, A.; Zali, M.; Sadat Larijani, M.; Ramezani, A. A Comparative Study of Immunogenicity, Antibody Persistence, and Safety of Three Different COVID-19 Boosters between Individuals with Comorbidities and the Normal Population. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1376.
Abstract
Data on immunogenicity, immune response persistency, and safety of COVID-19 boosters in patients with comorbidities are limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate and compare three different boosters in individuals who received two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine including underlying diseases and healthy cases as control.
One hundred forty subjects including 63 ones with at least one of three underlying diseases (UD) (including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus) and 77 healthy ones (HC) who had received a booster dose (either PastoCovac Plus or PastoCovac or BBIBP-CorV) were enrolled. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was assessed before the booster injection and 28, 60, 90, and 180 days after it. Moreover, the adverse events (AEs) were recorded on days 7 and 21 post-booster shot for evaluating safety outcomes.
Significantly increased titers of anti-spike, anti-RBD, and neutralizing antibodies were observed in both UD and HC groups 28 days after the booster dose, although the titer rise of anti-spike IgG and anti-RBD IgG was insignificantly inferior in the UD group compared to the HC group. All antibodies’ titers declined, with no significant differences between the two groups over time. Notably, all specific antibodies persisted up to 180 days; particularly the neutralizing antibody in both groups. Furthermore, no significant difference in antibody levels was observed between each UD subgroup and the HC group, except for neutralizing antibodies in the hypertension sub-group. PastoCovac Plus and PastoCovac boosters induced higher antibodies’ fold rise in UD individuals than BBIBP-CorV booster recipients. Safety outcomes did not show any serious AEs after the booster injection. The overall incidence of AEs post the booster injection was higher in the UD group than the HC group. Furthermore, the highest systemic AEs rate was reported in the UD group receiving the BBIBP-CorV booster.
In conclusion, administration of COVID-19 boosters can equally induce robust and persistent humoral immune responses in individuals with or without UD primarily vaccinated with 2-doses of the BBIBP-CorV. Protein-based boosters with higher antibodies' fold rise and lower AEs in individuals with comorbidities might be considered a better choice for these individuals.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Medicine and Pharmacology
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