Saito, R.F.; Machado, C.M.L.; Lomba, A.L.O.; Otake, A.H.; Rangel, M.C. Heat Shock Proteins Mediate Intercellular Communications within the Tumor Microenvironment through Extracellular Vesicles. Appl. Biosci.2024, 3, 45-58.
Saito, R.F.; Machado, C.M.L.; Lomba, A.L.O.; Otake, A.H.; Rangel, M.C. Heat Shock Proteins Mediate Intercellular Communications within the Tumor Microenvironment through Extracellular Vesicles. Appl. Biosci. 2024, 3, 45-58.
Saito, R.F.; Machado, C.M.L.; Lomba, A.L.O.; Otake, A.H.; Rangel, M.C. Heat Shock Proteins Mediate Intercellular Communications within the Tumor Microenvironment through Extracellular Vesicles. Appl. Biosci.2024, 3, 45-58.
Saito, R.F.; Machado, C.M.L.; Lomba, A.L.O.; Otake, A.H.; Rangel, M.C. Heat Shock Proteins Mediate Intercellular Communications within the Tumor Microenvironment through Extracellular Vesicles. Appl. Biosci. 2024, 3, 45-58.
Abstract
Considering tumors from an evolucionary perspective, successive tumor cells undergo turnover in response to stressful conditions which pressures tumor cells to adapt to a new environment. Tumor cells uses parts of themselves to communicate and share biological information, known as extracellular vesicles (EV) secretion to promote their survival and “survive to each and every metabolic cost”. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a miscellaneous of cells, factors, extracellular matrix proteins and EVs. EVs include smalls (<160nm, exosomes) and larger (100-1,000nm, microvesicles) lipid bilayer enclosed packages of biomolecules that are shed by tumors to TME. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles transfer adaptative stress signaling to recipient cells, reprograming these cells. Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) are more prominent stress response regulators found in exosomes. HSP-loaded exosomes actively reprogram tumor and TME cells to acquire mechanisms that contribute to tumor progression and therapy resistance. The intercellular communication mediated by HSP-loaded EVs favors the escape of tumor cells from, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, hypoxia, apoptosis and anti-cancer therapies. Extracellular HSPs activate and deactivate immune response, induce cell differentiation, changes vascular homeostasis, and help to augment the pre-metastatic niche formation. Here we will explore the EV mechanism of HSP transmission among TME cells and the relevance of these intercellular communications for resistance to therapies in cancer.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics
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