Version 1
: Received: 10 May 2023 / Approved: 10 May 2023 / Online: 10 May 2023 (15:11:24 CEST)
How to cite:
Kakkar, A.; Kandwal, G.; Nayak, T.; Singh, R.K.; Jaiswal, L.K.; Gupta, A. Engineered Bacteriophages: A Panacea Against Pathogenic and Drug Resistant Bacteria. Preprints2023, 2023050771. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.0771.v1
Kakkar, A.; Kandwal, G.; Nayak, T.; Singh, R.K.; Jaiswal, L.K.; Gupta, A. Engineered Bacteriophages: A Panacea Against Pathogenic and Drug Resistant Bacteria. Preprints 2023, 2023050771. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.0771.v1
Kakkar, A.; Kandwal, G.; Nayak, T.; Singh, R.K.; Jaiswal, L.K.; Gupta, A. Engineered Bacteriophages: A Panacea Against Pathogenic and Drug Resistant Bacteria. Preprints2023, 2023050771. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.0771.v1
APA Style
Kakkar, A., Kandwal, G., Nayak, T., Singh, R.K., Jaiswal, L.K., & Gupta, A. (2023). Engineered Bacteriophages: A Panacea Against Pathogenic and Drug Resistant Bacteria. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.0771.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Kakkar, A., Lav Kumar Jaiswal and Ankush Gupta. 2023 "Engineered Bacteriophages: A Panacea Against Pathogenic and Drug Resistant Bacteria" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.0771.v1
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global concern; antibiotics and other regular treatment methods have failed to overcome the increasing number of infectious diseases. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that specifically target/ kill bacterial hosts without affecting other human microbiome. Phage therapy provides optimism in the current global healthcare scenario with a long history of its applications in humans that has now reached various clinical trials. Phages in clinical trials have specific requirements of being exclusively lytic, free from toxic genes with an enhanced host range that adds an advantage to this requisite. This review explains in detail the various phage engineering methods and their potential applications in therapy. To make phages more efficient, engineering has been attempted using techniques like conventional homologous recombination, Bacteriophage Recombineering of Electroporated DNA (BRED), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas, CRISPY-BRED/Bacteriophage Recombineering with Infectious Particles (BRIP), chemically accelerated viral evolution (CAVE), and phage genome rebooting. Phages are administered in cocktail form in combination with antibiotics, vaccines, and purified proteins, such as endolysins. Thus, phage therapy is proving to be a better alternative for treating life-threatening infections, with more specificity and fewer detrimental consequences.
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
