Psychological Distress in Men During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: The Role of the Sociodemographic Variables, Uncertainty and Social Support

Anderson Reis de Sousa; Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira; Waandererson Carneiro Moreira; Milena Bitencourt Santos; Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho; Éric Santos Almeida; Raíssa Millena Silva Florencio; Aline Macêdo de Queiroz; Magno Conceição das Merces; Tilson Nunes Mota; Isabella Félix Meira Araújo; Josielson Costa da Silva; Sélton Diniz dos Santos; Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo; Luciano Garcia Lourenção; Richardson Silva; Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho; Iracema Lua; Sônia Barros; Tânia Maria de Araújo; Márcia Aparecida Ferreira De Oliveira; Álvaro Pereira; Wilson Abreu; Carlos Alberto Sequeira

doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0442.v1

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

de Sousa, A.R.; Teixeira, J.R.B.; Palma, E.M.S.; Moreira, W.C.; Santos, M.B.; de Carvalho, H.E.F.; Almeida, É.S.; Florencio, R.M.S.; de Queiroz, A.M.; Merces, M.C.; Mota, T.N.; Araújo, I.F.M.; Silva, J.C.; dos Santos, S.D.; Camargo, E.L.S.; Lourenção, L.G.; da Silva, R.A.R.; Carvalho, E.S.S.; Lua, I.; Barros, S.; de Araújo, T.M.; Oliveira, M.A.F.; Pereira, Á.; Abreu, W.; da Cruz Sequeira, C.A. Psychological Distress in Men during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: The Role of the Sociodemographic Variables, Uncertainty, and Social Support. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 350. de Sousa, A.R.; Teixeira, J.R.B.; Palma, E.M.S.; Moreira, W.C.; Santos, M.B.; de Carvalho, H.E.F.; Almeida, É.S.; Florencio, R.M.S.; de Queiroz, A.M.; Merces, M.C.; Mota, T.N.; Araújo, I.F.M.; Silva, J.C.; dos Santos, S.D.; Camargo, E.L.S.; Lourenção, L.G.; da Silva, R.A.R.; Carvalho, E.S.S.; Lua, I.; Barros, S.; de Araújo, T.M.; Oliveira, M.A.F.; Pereira, Á.; Abreu, W.; da Cruz Sequeira, C.A. Psychological Distress in Men during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: The Role of the Sociodemographic Variables, Uncertainty, and Social Support. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 350.

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables, intolerance to uncertainty (INT), social support and psychological distress (i.e., indicators of Common Mental Disorders [CMDs] and perceived stress [PS]) in Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: a cross-sectional study with national coverage, of the web survey type, and conducted with 1,006 Brazilian men during the period of social circulation restriction imposed by the health authorities in Brazil, for suppression of the coronavirus and control of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed. Results: Statistically significant direct effects of race/skin color (λ=0.268; p-value<0.001), socioeconomic status (SES) (λ=0.306; p-value<0.001), household composition (λ=0.281; p-value<0.001), PS (λ=0.513; p-value<0.001) and INT (λ=0.421; p-value<0.001) were evidenced in the occurrence of CMDs. Black-skinned men, with higher SES, living alone and with higher PS and INT levels presented higher prevalence values of CMDs. Conclusions: high levels of PS and INT were the factors that presented the strongest associations with the occurrence of CMDs among the men. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the stress-generating sources, as well as to promote an increase in resilience and the development of intrinsic reinforcements to deal with uncertain threats.

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Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Psychological Distress in Men During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: The Role of the Sociodemographic Variables, Uncertainty and Social Support

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