Cáceres, C.J.; Rajao, D.S.; Perez, D.R. Airborne Transmission of Avian Origin H9N2 Influenza A Viruses in Mammals. Viruses2021, 13, 1919.
Cáceres, C.J.; Rajao, D.S.; Perez, D.R. Airborne Transmission of Avian Origin H9N2 Influenza A Viruses in Mammals. Viruses 2021, 13, 1919.
Cáceres, C.J.; Rajao, D.S.; Perez, D.R. Airborne Transmission of Avian Origin H9N2 Influenza A Viruses in Mammals. Viruses2021, 13, 1919.
Cáceres, C.J.; Rajao, D.S.; Perez, D.R. Airborne Transmission of Avian Origin H9N2 Influenza A Viruses in Mammals. Viruses 2021, 13, 1919.
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are widespread viruses affecting avian and mammalian species worldwide. Outbreaks of IAV in poultry are usually associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, significantly affecting the poultry industry and food security. IAVs from avian species can be transmitted to mammals including humans and, thus, they are of inherent pandemic concern. Most of the efforts to understand the pathogenicity and transmission of avian origin IAVs have been focused on H5 and H7 subtypes due to their highly pathogenic phenotype in poultry. However, IAV of the H9 subtype that circulate endemically in poultry flocks in some regions of the world have also been associated with cases of zoonotic infections. As a result, the World Health Organization includes avian origin H9N2 IAV among the top in the list of IAVs of pandemic concern. In this review, we discuss the interspecies transmission of H9N2 between avian and mammalian species and the molecular factors that are thought relevant for this spillover. Additionally, we discuss factors that have been associated with the ability of these viruses to transmit through the respiratory route in mammalian species.
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
