The interest on amorphous carbon thin films with low secondary electron yield (SEY) has been increasing in the last years, to mitigate electron multipacting in particle accelerators and in RF devices. Previous works found that the SEY increases with the hydrogen amount and correlates with the Tauc gap. In this work, we analyse films produced by magnetron sputtering with different contents of hydrogen and deuterium, incorporated via target poisoning and sputtering of CxDy molecules. XPS was implemented to estimate the phase composition of the films. The maximal SEY was found to decrease linearly with the fraction of the graphitic phase in the films. These results are supported by Raman scattering and UPS. The graphitic phase decreases almost linearly for hydrogen and deuterium concentrations between 12% and 46% (at.), but abruptly decreases when the concentration reaches 53%. This vanishing of the graphitic phase is accompanied by a strong increase of SEY and of the Tauc gap. These results suggest that the SEY is not dictated directly by the concentration of H/D but by the fraction of graphitic phase. The results are supported by a model used to calculate SEY of films consisting of a mixture of graphitic and polymeric phases.

Several particles are not observed directly, but only through their decay products. We consider the possibility that they might be fakeons, i.e. fake particles, which mediate interactions but are not asymptotic states. A crucial role to determine the true nature of a particle is played by the imaginary parts of the one-loop radiative corrections, which are affected in nontrivial ways by the presence of fakeons in the loop. The knowledge we have today is sufficient to prove that most non directly observed particles are true physical particles. However, in the case of the Higgs boson the possibility that it might be a fakeon remains open. The issue can be resolved by means of precision measurements in existing and future accelerators.

Modern hyperspectral imaging technologies generate enormous datasets that could potentially transmit a wealth of information, but such a resource presents numerous difficulties for data analysis and interpretation. Deep learning techniques undoubtedly provide a wide range of potential for solving both traditional imaging tasks and exciting new problems in the spatial-spectral domain. This is true in the primary application area of remote sensing, where hyperspectral technology originated and has made the majority of its progress, but it may be even more true in the vast array of now existing and developing application areas that make use of these imaging technologies. The current review advances on two fronts: on the one hand, it is directed at domain experts who desire an updated overview of how deep learning architectures might work in conjunction with hyperspectral acquisition techniques to address specific tasks in various application sectors. On the other hand, by providing them with a picture of how deep learning technologies are applied to hyperspectral data from (near)real-time perspective. The contributions of this review include the existence of these two points of view and the inclusion of opportunities and important problems associated with the development of future CHIME mission to be launched by European Space Agency (ESA).

This study presents a methodology to reveal traces of viral particles, as aerosol with known chemical and molecular structure, in a sample by means of photon and electron interactions. The method is based on Monte Carlo simulations and on the analysis of photon-electron fluxes-spectra through energy channels counts as a function of different aerosol viral concentrations in the air sample and looking at the peculiar photon/electron interactions with the potential abnormal atomic hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), carbon (C), and phosphorus (P) compositions present in the air sample as a function of living and nonliving matter with PO4 group RNA/DNA strands in a cluster configuration.

Small-scale facilities play a significant role in the landscape of nuclear physics research in Europe. They address a wide range of fundamental questions and are essential for teaching and training personnel in accelerator technology and science, providing them with diverse skill sets, complementary to large projects. The current status and perspectives of nuclear physics research at small-scale facilities in Europe will be given.

The study presented hereafter shows a new methodology to reveal traces of polyethylene (the most common microplastic particles, known as a structure of C2H4) in a sample of ocean water by the irradiation of a 50 keV, 1 µA electron beam. This is performed by analyzing the photon (produced by the electrons in water ) fluxes and spectra (i.e. fluxes as a function of photon energy) at different types of contaminated water with an adequate device and in particular looking at the peculiar interactions of electrons/photons with the potential abnormal atomic hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), carbon (C), phosphorus (P) compositions present in the water, as a function of living and not living organic organisms with a PO4 group RNA/DNA strands in a cluster configuration through a volumetric cells grid.