About half of the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) recipients exhibit some degree of coronary artery disease (CAD), and controversial results have been reported regarding the impact of the presence and severity of CAD on clinical outcomes post-TAVR. In addition to coronary angiography, promising data has been recently reported on the use of both cardiac computed tomography angiography and the functional invasive assessment of coronary lesions whether by FFR or iFR in the work-up pre-TAVR. Despite mitigated available data, percutaneous revascularization of significant coronary lesions has been the routine strategy in TAVR candidates with CAD. Also, scarce data exists on the incidence, characteristics and management of coronary events post-TAVR, and increasing interest exist on potential coronary access challenges in patients requiring coronary angiography/intervention post-TAVR. This review provides an updated overview of the knowledge of CAD in TAVR recipients, focusing on its prevalence, clinical impact, pre- and post-procedural evaluation and management.

Background Limited data are available from randomized trials comparing outcomes between transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgery in patients with different risks and with follow-up >2 years. Objective In this large, population-based cohort study, long-term mortality and morbidity were investigated in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis using a surgically implanted bioprosthesis (sB-AVR) or TAVR. Methods Individual data from the Austrian Insurance funds from 2010 through 2020 were analysed. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, assessed in the overall and propensity score–matched populations. Secondary outcomes included reoperation and cardiovascular events. Results From January 2010 through December 2020, a total of 18 882 patients underwent sB-AVR (n=11 749; 62.2%) or TAVR (n=7133; 37.8%); median follow-up was 4.0 (interquartile range 2.1–6.5) years (maximum 12.3 years). The risk of all-cause mortality was higher with TAVR compared with sB-AVR: hazard ratio (HR) 1.552, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.469–1.640, p<0.001; propensity score–matched HR 1.510, 1.403–1.625, p<0.001. Estimated median survival was 8.8 years (95% CI 8.6–9.1) with sB-AVR vs 5 years (4.9–5.2) with TAVR. Estimated 5-year survival probability was 0.664 (0.664–0.686) with sB-AVR vs 0.409 (0.378–0.444) with TAVR overall, and 0.690 (0.674–0.707) and 0.560 (0.540–0.582), respectively, with propensity score matching. Other predictors of mortality were age, sex, previous heart failure, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Conclusions In >2-year follow-up, selection for TAVR was significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality compared with sB-AVR in patients ≥65 years with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis.