In this review, we discuss novel natural products discovered within the last decade that are reported to have antifungal activity against pathogenic species. Nearly a hundred natural products were identified that originate from bacteria, alga, fungi, sponges and plants. Fungi were the most prolific source of antifungal compounds discovered during the period of review. The structural diversity of these antifungal leads encompasses all the major classes of natural products including polyketides, shikimate metabolites, terpenoids, alkaloids and peptides.

A strategy to propose solutions to health-related problems recognizes that people, animals, and the environment are interconnected. Fusarium and Neocosmospora are an example of this interaction due to the capable of infecting plants, animals, and human. This review provides information on various aspects of these relations and proposes how to approach fusariosis with a One Health methodology. Here we give a framework to understand infection pathogenesis, through the epidemiological triad and explain how the broad utilization of fungicides in agriculture may play a role in the treatment of human fusariosis. We assess how plumbing systems and hospital environments might play a role as a reservoir for animal and human infections. We explain the role of antifungal resistance mechanism in both humans and agriculture. Our review emphasizes the importance of developing interdisciplinarity research studies where aquatic animals, plants, and human disease interactions can be explored through coordination and collaborative actions.