Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Measurement and Analysis of Brake and Tyre Particle Emissions from Automotive Series Components for High-Load Driving Tests on a Wheel and Suspension Test Bed

Martin Kupper
* ORCID logo ,
Ludwig Schubert
ORCID logo ,
Manfred Nachtnebel
ORCID logo ,
Hartmuth Schröttner
,
Michael Peter Huber
,
Peter Fischer
,
Alexande Bergmann
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 16 February 2024 / Approved: 19 February 2024 / Online: 19 February 2024 (08:06:03 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Kupper, M.; Schubert, L.; Nachtnebel, M.; Schröttner, H.; Huber, M.P.; Fischer, P.; Bergmann, A. Measurement and Analysis of Brake and Tyre Particle Emissions from Automotive Series Components for High-Load Driving Tests on a Wheel and Suspension Test Bed. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 430. Kupper, M.; Schubert, L.; Nachtnebel, M.; Schröttner, H.; Huber, M.P.; Fischer, P.; Bergmann, A. Measurement and Analysis of Brake and Tyre Particle Emissions from Automotive Series Components for High-Load Driving Tests on a Wheel and Suspension Test Bed. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 430.

Abstract

The up-to-date challenge towards clean road transport are non-exhaust emissions. Important advances regarding measurement systems, including well defined characterisation techniques, as well as regulation, will happen in the next few years. In this work we present detailed results of particle emissions from a test bed for wheel suspension and brakes, consisting of aerosol (size distribution, particle number (PN) and mass (PM)) and electron microscopy measurements (EM) under different load conditions. Standard tyres and brakes from series production were tested with a high-load driving cycle while particle measurements were conducted by gravimetric measurements and with a TSI SMPS, a TSI APS and a GRIMM OPS. Furthermore, samples were analyzed by electron microscopy. A bimodal particle size distribution (PSD) was obtained with the SMPS, with peaks at 20nm and around 400nm. EM analysis of >1400 single particles from the electrostatic sampler matches the PSD results. EM analysis also showed ultrafine particles, mainly from O, Fe, Si, Ba, Mg and S and also fractal particles with high C fractions. Our results suggest, in agreement with previously published literature, that particulate emissions are related to brake disc temperature and occur in significant amounts above a threshold temperature.

Keywords

Non-Exhaust Emissions; Brake Wear Aerosol; Particle Measurement; Ultrafine Particles; Electron Microscopy

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Pollution

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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