Bertoni, Í.; Sales, B.C.P.; Viriato, C.; Peixoto, P.V.L.; Pereira, L.C. Embryotoxicity Induced by Triclopyr in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Early Life Stage. Toxics2024, 12, 255.
Bertoni, Í.; Sales, B.C.P.; Viriato, C.; Peixoto, P.V.L.; Pereira, L.C. Embryotoxicity Induced by Triclopyr in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Early Life Stage. Toxics 2024, 12, 255.
Bertoni, Í.; Sales, B.C.P.; Viriato, C.; Peixoto, P.V.L.; Pereira, L.C. Embryotoxicity Induced by Triclopyr in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Early Life Stage. Toxics2024, 12, 255.
Bertoni, Í.; Sales, B.C.P.; Viriato, C.; Peixoto, P.V.L.; Pereira, L.C. Embryotoxicity Induced by Triclopyr in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Early Life Stage. Toxics 2024, 12, 255.
Abstract
Triclopyr is an auxin-like herbicide extensively employed to manage weeds in food crops and pastures. Triclopyr has been detected in environmental matrices, with a notable presence within aquatic ecosystems. Given the limited understanding of its fate in the environment, potential implications for environmental and human health, and the lack of adequate monitoring in various environmental compartments, triclopyr is now considered a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC). The present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of triclopyr on zebrafish development, with a specific focus on assessing its embryotoxic, behavioral, and neurotoxic effects at environmentally realistic concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 50 µM on zebrafish embryos. Our results revealed that triclopyr caused sublethal effects on zebrafish embryos, such as delayed hatchability at 50 µM, yolk sac retention at 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 µM, and uninflated swim bladder at 50 µM concentration of triclopyr. Moreover, a subtle alteration in the swimming activity of larvae was observed in the 10 µM triclopyr after 144 hours of exposure. However, the activity of acetylcholinesterase, remained unchanged after triclopyr exposure. Taken together, these comprehensive findings suggest that triclopyr can induce adverse effects on the early development of zebrafish, even at concentrations detected in aquatic environments.
Keywords
Triclopyr; herbicide; contaminant of emerging concern; zebrafish; early life stage; embryotoxicity
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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