Siagian, P.; Napitupulu, F.H.; Ambarita, H.; Sihombing, H.V.; Sibagariang, Y.P.; Siagian, H.S. The Effect of Varying the Air Flow in a Solar Collector on the Quality of Arabica Coffee Beans. Fluids2024, 9, 75.
Siagian, P.; Napitupulu, F.H.; Ambarita, H.; Sihombing, H.V.; Sibagariang, Y.P.; Siagian, H.S. The Effect of Varying the Air Flow in a Solar Collector on the Quality of Arabica Coffee Beans. Fluids 2024, 9, 75.
Siagian, P.; Napitupulu, F.H.; Ambarita, H.; Sihombing, H.V.; Sibagariang, Y.P.; Siagian, H.S. The Effect of Varying the Air Flow in a Solar Collector on the Quality of Arabica Coffee Beans. Fluids2024, 9, 75.
Siagian, P.; Napitupulu, F.H.; Ambarita, H.; Sihombing, H.V.; Sibagariang, Y.P.; Siagian, H.S. The Effect of Varying the Air Flow in a Solar Collector on the Quality of Arabica Coffee Beans. Fluids 2024, 9, 75.
Abstract
Different coffee drying technologies face complex task in ensuring an acceptable final seed moisture content. Drying technology of agricultural commodities aims to maintain and improve the quality of the agricultural products themselves. In addition to maintaining quality, especially from other bacterial attacks, it can last for a long time before further processing. Coffee commodities are promising for the welfare of coffee farmers. Drying technology plays a major role in determining the quality of coffee. Various drying models are applied including the traditional model that until now is still applied, direct drying under solar radiation. However, this drying process is less hygienic and requires a large area. Thus, one of the drying technologies that can accelerate drying time is to vary the air flow in the drying chamber so that the coffee can be determined to reduce the water content with a certain temperature. In this study, it was found that the moisture content of coffee beans dried using a dryer on air flow with variations of velocity in solar collector 1 (DB1) air velocity of 1.0m/s obtained the final mass = 732.249 gr, solar collector 2 (DB2) with air velocity 1.5 m/s obtained the final mass = 774.70 gr, solar collector 3 (DB3) with air velocity 2.0 m/s obtained the final mass = 855.10 gr, solar collector 4 (DB4) with air velocity 2.5 m/s obtained the final mass = 745.79 gr, and solar collector 5 (DB5) with air velocity 3.0 m/s obtained the final mass = 786.40 gr. Water Content DB1=12.0%, DB2=13.6%, DB3=18.5%, DB4=12.9% and DB5=15.2%. The time required for 25 hours with a maximum radiation of 586.9 w/m2, total heat utilized from solar radiation in 3 days =16.663128 MJ/m2. from the initial weight of 1500gr coffee bean samples and dried in five solar collectors with parallel simultaneously. The evaporated water content DB1=51.18%, DB2=48.35%, DB3=42.96%, DB4=50.28% and DB5=47.57%. Based on this research, it was found that the most optimum quality of coffee was by using solar collector 2 (DB2), namely with air flow of 1.5 m/s with average temperature in the drying box DB2=43.68°C, with the quality content of the coffee, Protein content=12.2%, Carbohydrate=22.8% and Free Fatty Acid (ALB) content=0.05%.
Keywords
coffee; air flow; forced convection; temperature; quality
Subject
Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
