Version 1
: Received: 24 October 2023 / Approved: 25 October 2023 / Online: 25 October 2023 (14:05:23 CEST)
How to cite:
Liu, J.; Li, Z.; Liu, Y. Glacier dammed lake outburst flood in cold season in the Tien Shan, China and Kyrgyzstan. Preprints2023, 2023101666. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1666.v1
Liu, J.; Li, Z.; Liu, Y. Glacier dammed lake outburst flood in cold season in the Tien Shan, China and Kyrgyzstan. Preprints 2023, 2023101666. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1666.v1
Liu, J.; Li, Z.; Liu, Y. Glacier dammed lake outburst flood in cold season in the Tien Shan, China and Kyrgyzstan. Preprints2023, 2023101666. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1666.v1
APA Style
Liu, J., Li, Z., & Liu, Y. (2023). Glacier dammed lake outburst flood in cold season in the Tien Shan, China and Kyrgyzstan. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1666.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Liu, J., Zhongqin Li and Yuting Liu. 2023 "Glacier dammed lake outburst flood in cold season in the Tien Shan, China and Kyrgyzstan" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1666.v1
Abstract
Flood records of the Kunmalik River in Chinese Tien Shan mountains have showed that glacier- dammed lake outburst floods (GLOF) had occurred almost every year since 1956 from the glaci-er-dammed Lake Merzbacher. However, GLOF in cold season is seldomly studied. The defense and management of the flood need further observation and study. The maximum peak discharge of 825 m3/s occurred on 5th December 1996 with the maximum flood volume of 2.875×108 m3, which was 18 times larger than that of the mean daily discharge in winter over the past six decades. The drainage of the Merzbacher lake is not a mechanical breaking up of the glacier dam, but the release of pressurized water along a subglacial tunnel triggered by quickly surge of the Northern Glacier, the subglacial tunnels are enlarged by both ice melting and frictional heat in the flooding water and heat under the glaciated dam and the lake in winter. There is no correlation between the GLOF size and air temperature of cold season. The floods in cold season have become bigger since 1996 than that before, and the flood duration has been extended from winter to spring. Once the cold GLOF starts, its discharge can be forecasted day by day to extrapolate the monitoring hydrograph as a linear curve.
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Water Science and Technology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
