Version 1
: Received: 14 August 2023 / Approved: 14 August 2023 / Online: 15 August 2023 (03:36:50 CEST)
How to cite:
Agafonov, A. The Invariant-Mass-Based Equation for Bound States of the Hydrogen and the Helium Atoms. Preprints2023, 2023081031. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1031.v1
Agafonov, A. The Invariant-Mass-Based Equation for Bound States of the Hydrogen and the Helium Atoms. Preprints 2023, 2023081031. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1031.v1
Agafonov, A. The Invariant-Mass-Based Equation for Bound States of the Hydrogen and the Helium Atoms. Preprints2023, 2023081031. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1031.v1
APA Style
Agafonov, A. (2023). The Invariant-Mass-Based Equation for Bound States of the Hydrogen and the Helium Atoms. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1031.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Agafonov, A. 2023 "The Invariant-Mass-Based Equation for Bound States of the Hydrogen and the Helium Atoms" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.1031.v1
Abstract
The invariant mass of free particles is used to derive a bound-state equation for several particle atomic systems at rest. This relativistic-kinematic bound-state equation is applied to the hydrogen and helium atoms. The derived equation has the well-known solutions for the single-electron bound states of the hydrogen atom, and the two-electron states of the helium atom. For the hydrogen atom, existence of the two-particle bound states, for which the electron and the proton kinetic energies are of the same order of magnitude, is predicted. The three-particle bound states with the same feature of the kinetic energies can exist in the helium atom. Radiative operators for processes involving the hydrogen two-particle bound states, are obtained. It is discussed that these new two- and three-particle bound states should be optically inactive.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
