Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Estimation of Salt Intake in Normotensive and Hypertensive Dominican Adults: Assessment of 24 H Sodium and Potassium Urinary Excretion

Carlos Heriberto García-Lithgow
ORCID logo ,
Madeline Durán-Cabral
,
Alexandra Winter-Matos
ORCID logo ,
Kilsaris García-Estrella
,
Julen García-Durán
,
Estefanía Di-Sanzo
,
Nicole Martínez-De-La-Cruz
,
Julia Rodríguez-Abreu
,
Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 5 June 2023 / Approved: 5 June 2023 / Online: 5 June 2023 (13:29:58 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

García-Lithgow, C.H.; Durán-Cabral, M.; Winter-Matos, A.; García-Estrella, K.; García-Durán, J.; Di-Sanzo, E.; Martínez-De-La-Cruz, N.; Rodríguez-Abreu, J.; Olmedilla-Alonso, B. Assessment of 24 h Sodium and Potassium Urinary Excretion in Normotensive and Hypertensive Dominican Adults. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3197. García-Lithgow, C.H.; Durán-Cabral, M.; Winter-Matos, A.; García-Estrella, K.; García-Durán, J.; Di-Sanzo, E.; Martínez-De-La-Cruz, N.; Rodríguez-Abreu, J.; Olmedilla-Alonso, B. Assessment of 24 h Sodium and Potassium Urinary Excretion in Normotensive and Hypertensive Dominican Adults. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3197.

Abstract

Higher salt (sodium) intake has been associated with a higher blood pressure (BP). The association degree may be influenced by factors such as age, origin and dietary components. This study aimed to evaluate the 24-hours urinary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) excretion in normotensive and hypertensive Dominicans adults and estimate their salt intake. 163 volunteers (18-45, 46-80 years) participated in a cross-sectional study. 24-hours Na and K urinary excretion were measured using an ion selective electrode technique. Na and K urinary excretion (99.4±46.5 and 35.0±17.5 mmol/24h) did not correlated with BP, except in the normotensive group in which K correlated with SBP (0.249, p=0.019). Na and K excretion were similar for normo- and hypertensive subjects. Na-to-K molar ratio (3.1±1.3) was higher in younger subjects (p=0.040). Na-to-K ratio was associated with DBP in the total group (r=0.153, p=0.052), in the hypertensive group (r=0.395, p<0.001) and in the older group with SBP (0.350, p=0.002) and DBP (0.373, p<0.001). In the older group, Na-to-K ratio and DBP correlated after controlling for subjects with hypertension controlled by treatment (r=0.236, p=0.041). The Na-to-K ratio correlated, when salt intake was over 5g/d (52.2%), with SBP (rho=0.219, p=0.044) and DBP (rho=0.259, p=0.017). Determinants of BP were age-dependent and in younger subjects were: sex (SBP, beta: 14.02±2.87, p<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (beta:-12.07±3.72, p=0.001, beta:9.44±2.87, p=0.001, for SBP and DBP, respectively) and, in the olders, the Na-to-K ratio, for SBP (beta:6.7±2.4, p=0.005) and DBP (beta:3.8±1.1, p<0.001). The mean Na and salt intakes (2.3 and 5.8 g/d) were slightly higher and K intake lower (1.4 g/d) than WHO recommendations.

Keywords

Dominicans; Hypertensive; Salt intake; Sodium and potassium excretion; Sodium-to-potassium ratio

Subject

Public Health and Healthcare, Public Health and Health Services

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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