Hulsen, T. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts and Challenges in Healthcare. AI 2023, 4, 652-666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai4030034
Hulsen, T. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts and Challenges in Healthcare. AI 2023, 4, 652-666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai4030034
Hulsen, T. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts and Challenges in Healthcare. AI 2023, 4, 652-666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai4030034
Hulsen, T. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts and Challenges in Healthcare. AI 2023, 4, 652-666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai4030034
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) describes computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation. Examples of AI techniques are machine learning, neural networks and deep learning. AI can be applied in many different areas, such as econometrics, biometry, e-commerce and the automotive industry. In recent years, AI has found its way into healthcare as well, helping doctors to make better decisions (‘clinical decision support’), localizing tumors in magnetic resonance images, reading and analyzing reports written by radiologists and pathologists, and much more. However, AI has one big risk: it can be perceived as a ‘black box’, limiting trust in its reliability, which is a very big issue in an area in which a decision can mean life or death. As a result, the term Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has been gaining momentum. XAI tries to ensure that AI algorithms (and the resulting decisions) can be understood by humans. In this narrative review, we will have a look at the current status of XAI in healthcare, describe several issues around XAI, and discuss whether it can really help healthcare to advance, for example by increasing understanding and trust. Finally, alternatives to increase trust in AI are discussed, as well as future research possibilities in the area of XAI.
Keywords
XAI; AI; artificial intelligence; explainable; explainability; machine learning; deep learning; data science; big data; healthcare; medicine
Subject
Computer Science and Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
