The Imaginary Universe

Szymon Łukaszyk

doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0045.v7

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preprints.org > physical sciences > mathematical physics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202212.0045.v7

Preprint Article Version 7 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Imaginary Universe

Szymon Łukaszyk

Version 1 : Received: 2 December 2022 / Approved: 2 December 2022 / Online: 2 December 2022 (09:58:36 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 7 December 2022 / Approved: 8 December 2022 / Online: 8 December 2022 (07:43:33 CET)
Version 3 : Received: 11 December 2022 / Approved: 12 December 2022 / Online: 12 December 2022 (03:39:27 CET)
Version 4 : Received: 18 December 2022 / Approved: 19 December 2022 / Online: 19 December 2022 (10:52:31 CET)
Version 5 : Received: 24 December 2022 / Approved: 26 December 2022 / Online: 26 December 2022 (11:07:39 CET)
Version 6 : Received: 20 January 2023 / Approved: 23 January 2023 / Online: 23 January 2023 (09:31:48 CET)
Version 7 : Received: 10 March 2023 / Approved: 13 March 2023 / Online: 13 March 2023 (09:45:17 CET)
Version 8 : Received: 17 March 2023 / Approved: 20 March 2023 / Online: 20 March 2023 (09:55:20 CET)
Version 9 : Received: 24 March 2023 / Approved: 27 March 2023 / Online: 27 March 2023 (15:46:32 CEST)
Version 10 : Received: 2 April 2023 / Approved: 3 April 2023 / Online: 3 April 2023 (11:08:11 CEST)
Version 11 : Received: 6 April 2023 / Approved: 10 April 2023 / Online: 10 April 2023 (05:17:51 CEST)
Version 12 : Received: 14 April 2023 / Approved: 17 April 2023 / Online: 17 April 2023 (03:09:25 CEST)
Version 13 : Received: 5 May 2023 / Approved: 8 May 2023 / Online: 8 May 2023 (10:45:18 CEST)
Version 14 : Received: 29 May 2023 / Approved: 2 June 2023 / Online: 2 June 2023 (08:15:16 CEST)
Version 15 : Received: 18 August 2023 / Approved: 21 August 2023 / Online: 21 August 2023 (11:39:16 CEST)
Version 16 : Received: 1 October 2023 / Approved: 2 October 2023 / Online: 3 October 2023 (11:53:49 CEST)
Version 17 : Received: 19 October 2023 / Approved: 20 October 2023 / Online: 20 October 2023 (04:33:33 CEST)

How to cite: Łukaszyk, S. The Imaginary Universe. Preprints 2022, 2022120045. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202212.0045.v7 Łukaszyk, S. The Imaginary Universe. Preprints 2022, 2022120045. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202212.0045.v7

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MDPI and ACS Style

Łukaszyk, S. The Imaginary Universe. Preprints 2022, 2022120045. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202212.0045.v7

APA Style

Łukaszyk, S. (2023). The Imaginary Universe. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202212.0045.v7

Chicago/Turabian Style

Łukaszyk, S. 2023 "The Imaginary Universe" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202212.0045.v7

Abstract

Imaginary dimensions in physics require an imaginary set of base Planck units and some negative parameter $c_n$ corresponding to the speed of light in vacuum $c$. Fresnel coefficients for the normal incidence of electromagnetic radiation on monolayer graphene introduce the second, negative fine-structure constant $\alpha_2^{-1} \approx -140.178$ as a fundamental constant of nature and this constant introduces these imaginary base Planck units along with this negative parameter $c_n \approx -3.06 \times 10^8~\text{[m/s]}$. Neutron stars and white dwarfs, considered as \emph{objects} emitting perfect black-body radiation, are conjectured to possess energy exceeding their mass-energy equivalence ratios, wherein the imaginary parts of two complex energies inaccessible for direct observation make storing excess of these energies possible. With this assumption, black holes are fundamentally uncharged; charged micro neutron stars and white dwarfs with masses lower than $5.7275 \times 10^{-10}~[\text{kg}]$ cannot be observed; and the radii of white dwarfs' cores are limited to $R_{WD} < 6.7933~G M_{WD}/c^2$, where $M_{WD}$ is a white dwarf mass. This sets the bounds on charged blackbody objects' minimum masses and maximum radii.

Keywords

Planck units; the fine-structure constant; speed of light in vacuum; emergent dimensionality

Subject

Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Comments (1)

Comment 1

Received: 13 March 2023
Commenter: Szymon Łukaszyk
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author

Comment: 1. Improved introduction with mathematical mode, physical vision, and motivation.
2. Novel conjectures concerning energies, charges, and radii of perfect black-body objects (black holes, neutron stars, white dwarfs).
3. Two forms of complex energies employing in real and imaginary dimensions.

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