Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space

Amrit Ladhani

doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v1

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preprints.org > physical sciences > astronomy and astrophysics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space

Amrit Ladhani

Version 1 : Received: 5 July 2022 / Approved: 7 July 2022 / Online: 7 July 2022 (09:23:27 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 14 July 2022 / Approved: 15 July 2022 / Online: 15 July 2022 (12:09:47 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 17 July 2022 / Approved: 18 July 2022 / Online: 18 July 2022 (10:23:23 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 17 August 2022 / Approved: 19 August 2022 / Online: 19 August 2022 (04:35:00 CEST)
Version 5 : Received: 5 March 2023 / Approved: 6 March 2023 / Online: 6 March 2023 (16:14:30 CET)
Version 6 : Received: 15 December 2023 / Approved: 15 December 2023 / Online: 18 December 2023 (06:27:08 CET)

How to cite: Ladhani, A. Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space. Preprints 2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v1 Ladhani, A. Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space. Preprints 2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ladhani, A. Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space. Preprints 2022, 2022070121. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v1

APA Style

Ladhani, A. (2022). Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ladhani, A. 2022 "Theory From The Big Bang to Big Crunch and Eternal Vacuum Space" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202207.0121.v1

Abstract

Contemporary theories of Universe, such as the Friedmann-Lemaître Robertson - Walker (FLRW) model of the cosmos, assume that space and time marches on at a uniform, constant pace from its beginning. But what if that is not the case? It is proposed that the big bang was not the first beginning of the Universe, but rather the Big Bang may have been just a particular moment in the evolution of this always-existing universe, not a true beginning. Universe started from the shortest meaningful length, Planck Length, and the shortest meaningful measure of time, Planck Time. The observed accelerated expansion, which relates the change in the space, to change in the stretching of shrink space for the new theory, is derived. As pressure of shrink space decreases, the expansion of space increases, that is although in general, decelerate in the pressure of shrink space leads to accelerate the stretching of space. (pressure of shrink space approaching zero at the end of accelerated expansion, or all the shrinked space stretches), no need however, for dark energy. The new definition of eternal space enables us to describe a sequence of events from the Big Bang to the Big Crunch.

Keywords

Quantum Space; Big Bang Cosmology; Friedmann Equation; Cyclic Eternal Universe; Gravitational Force; Shrink Space

Subject

Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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