Version 1
: Received: 7 December 2021 / Approved: 8 December 2021 / Online: 8 December 2021 (14:41:58 CET)
How to cite:
Wibowo, A. Estimating the Volcanic Ash Plume Course, PM2.5 Emissions, and Environmental Impacts Based on the December 4, 2021, Mount Semeru Eruption. Preprints2021, 2021120139. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0139.v1
Wibowo, A. Estimating the Volcanic Ash Plume Course, PM2.5 Emissions, and Environmental Impacts Based on the December 4, 2021, Mount Semeru Eruption. Preprints 2021, 2021120139. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0139.v1
Wibowo, A. Estimating the Volcanic Ash Plume Course, PM2.5 Emissions, and Environmental Impacts Based on the December 4, 2021, Mount Semeru Eruption. Preprints2021, 2021120139. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0139.v1
APA Style
Wibowo, A. (2021). Estimating the Volcanic Ash Plume Course, PM<sub>2.5</sub> Emissions, and Environmental Impacts Based on the December 4, 2021, Mount Semeru Eruption. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0139.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Wibowo, A. 2021 "Estimating the Volcanic Ash Plume Course, PM<sub>2.5</sub> Emissions, and Environmental Impacts Based on the December 4, 2021, Mount Semeru Eruption" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0139.v1
Abstract
Recently on the December 4, 2021 at 03:00 PM, 3676 m high Mount Semeru located in the East parts of Java Island has erupted. To our best knowledge, an immediate and rapid systematic analysis of the volcanic ash plume courses, PM2.5 emissions, and environmental impacts based on Mount Semeru eruption has not been implemented so far. Then, this research aims to provide and fill the research gap on the rapid assessment of recent Mount Semeru eruption. From the result, it is clearly visible that for 12 hours the volcanic ash plume course was eastward. The volcanic ash plume can travel a distance of 0–10 km to the North and South directions, and more than 10 km to the East direction. The size of the volcanic ash plume was large at 02:00 AM on December 5, 2021. The smallest size of a volcanic ash plume was recorded at 09:00 PM on December 4, 2021. Most parts of the ash plume (55.98%) or equals 39.01 km2 contain fallen volcanic material amounts ranged from 1 kg/m2 to 10 kg/m2. The fallen volcanic material amount peaked between 08:00 PM and 11:00 PM. Based on the estimation, the PM2.5 content in the atmosphere increased after the eruption. The mean of PM2.5 before the eruption was 48.5 ± 19.3(95%CI: 29.2 to 67.8 ug/m3). While after eruption the mean of PM2.5 was 79.4 ± 32.2(95%CI: 47.2 to112 ug/m3). It indicated that the Mount Semeru eruption has increased the PM2.5 equals 63.65%.
Keywords
ash plume; course; eruption; PM2.5; Semeru
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science and Meteorology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
