Version 1
: Received: 18 June 2020 / Approved: 21 June 2020 / Online: 21 June 2020 (10:51:21 CEST)
How to cite:
Jakob, M.; Menendez, M. Parking Pricing vs. Congestion Pricing: A Macroscopic Analysis of their Impact on Traffic. Preprints2020, 2020060257. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202006.0257.v1
Jakob, M.; Menendez, M. Parking Pricing vs. Congestion Pricing: A Macroscopic Analysis of their Impact on Traffic. Preprints 2020, 2020060257. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202006.0257.v1
Jakob, M.; Menendez, M. Parking Pricing vs. Congestion Pricing: A Macroscopic Analysis of their Impact on Traffic. Preprints2020, 2020060257. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202006.0257.v1
APA Style
Jakob, M., & Menendez, M. (2020). Parking Pricing vs. Congestion Pricing: A Macroscopic Analysis of their Impact on Traffic. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202006.0257.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Jakob, M. and Monica Menendez. 2020 "Parking Pricing vs. Congestion Pricing: A Macroscopic Analysis of their Impact on Traffic" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202006.0257.v1
Abstract
As traffic congestion gets worse year by year in metropolitan areas, cities search for solutions to improve their traffic performance and reduce their environmental impacts. This paper focuses on parking pricing and congestion pricing and their short-term effects not only on traffic congestion but also on the potential revenue for a city. We develop an easy to implement multimodal macroscopic traffic and parking search model for a central area based on aggregated data at the network level. Our methodology allows us to analyze how introducing parking pricing inside a network, or a congestion toll combined with a park and ride (P+R) scheme can affect the drivers’ decision between entering the network by car (private vehicle) or using P+R instead. This decision directly influences the number of drivers using P+R, and this impacts, in turn, the traffic performance. Based on such analysis, a city can get valuable insights to evaluate whether congestion pricing is a necessity or if the traffic improvements resulting from implementing parking pricing strategies are sufficient when combined with P+R facilities. A search algorithm is used to find the best trade-off between the parking fees and the congestion toll. Any additional revenue collected through these schemes can then be used to improve public transport or the P+R facilities themselves. With minor data collection efforts and little computational costs compared to most existing parking and congestion pricing models, we illustrate our proposed framework in a case study of an area with a high parking demand for public parking spaces within the city of Zurich, Switzerland. Results show that parking pricing combined with P+R is indeed a viable option compared to congestion pricing for improving traffic performance, even if parking pricing schemes do not target all the drivers.
Keywords
parking pricing; congestion pricing; park and ride; dynamic macroscopic traffic and parking model; cruising-for-parking
Subject
Business, Economics and Management, Economics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
