Abstract:

Background: Primary renal Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an exceptionally rare and aggressive malignancy, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in adults. Clinical presentation is often nonspecific, frequently resulting in delayed diagnosis and early metastatic dissemination. Methods: We report a case of a 45-year-old woman presenting with right lumbar pain and hematuria. Imaging included ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, revealing a well-demarcated multicystic lesion of the right kidney. Partial nephrectomy was performed, followed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization to confirm ES breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) rearrangement. Subsequent management included right nephrectomy and systemic chemotherapy following the vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide, etoposide (VDC/IE) protocol. Results: Histopathology demonstrated sheets of small round cells with Homer-Wright rosettes and strong membranous CD99 expression. Molecular testing confirmed EWSR1 rearrangement. The patient tolerated surgery and chemotherapy well, with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis at six-month follow-up. The case highlights the critical role of integrated imaging, histopathology, immunophenotyping, and molecular diagnostics in establishing the diagnosis of primary renal ES. Conclusion: Primary renal ES in adults requires a high index of suspicion, multidisciplinary evaluation, and personalized therapeutic strategies. Surgical resection combined with systemic chemotherapy can achieve disease control. Early recognition, molecular confirmation, and interdisciplinary coordination are essential to optimize outcomes in this rare malignancy.

Abstract:

Background/Objectives: The quality of intraoral scanner-derived digital models depends not only on deviation-based accuracy, but also on how scanned surfaces are reconstructed into a polygonal mesh. The aim of this prospective within-subject observational study was to evaluate whether tooth morphology influences local mesh density distribution in intraoral scanner-derived STL models of selected maxillary teeth. Methods: Twenty participants underwent maxillary intraoral scanning using a Medit i900 wired intraoral scanner under standardized clinical conditions. For each participant, the buccal surfaces of the maxillary right central incisor (11), canine (13), first premolar (15), and first molar (16) were selected as regions of interest. Surface area (A), number of vertices (V), and number of faces (F) were recorded, and the surface-normalized mesh density parameters vertices per unit area (V/A) and faces per unit area (F/A) were calculated. Comparisons among tooth types were performed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc correction. Results: Significant differences were found among tooth types for both V/A and F/A (p < 0.001). Mean V/A values were 18.2 ± 1.9 for tooth 11, 19.8 ± 1.4 for tooth 13, 23.8 ± 1.7 for tooth 15, and 22.9 ± 2.0 vertices/mm² for tooth 16. Mean F/A values were 34.3 ± 3.6, 37.5 ± 2.7, 44.4 ± 3.3, and 42.9 ± 3.8 faces/mm², respectively. Post hoc comparisons showed significant differences between teeth 11 and 13, 11 and 15, 11 and 16, 13 and 15, and 13 and 16, whereas no significant difference was observed between teeth 15 and 16. Conclusions: Tooth morphology significantly influenced local mesh density distribution in intraoral scanner-derived STL models of selected maxillary teeth. These findings suggest that local anatomical form affects STL mesh reconstruction under standardized in vivo scanning conditions and support local mesh density analysis as a useful complementary approach to conventional deviation-based digital assessment.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. DMD is characterized by exon deletions in about 76% of cases, with common deletions in exons 47, 48, 51, and 52. We evaluated the effectiveness of an mRNA-based therapy targeting these exon deletions, which are frequently seen in DMD patients. Methods: The current study involved two protocols: 1. applying the therapy to cells from patients diagnosed with DMD, and 2. applying the therapy to genetically modified transgenic mdx/d2 mice. After treatment, dystro-phin was detected in all experimental groups. Results: Our study showed that, both in vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that the mRNA-based therapy successfully restored dystrophin expression in dystrophic muscle cells and tissues. Gene expression analysis, together with protein-level assessments, including Western blot, immunoflu-orescence (IF), ELISA, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), confirmed a significant in-crease in dystrophin levels in the treated groups compared with the control group. In addition to dystrophin restoration, other key sarcolemmal proteins involved in main-taining muscle membrane stability, such as γ-sarcoglycan, β-dystroglycan, and β-actin, were also highly expressed. These findings suggest an overall improvement in muscle cell membrane integrity. Consistent with the molecular results, behavioral analyses performed in the animal model revealed significant functional improvements, includ-ing enhanced mobility, motor coordination, longer walking and resting durations, and a reduced risk of falls. Overall, the results indicate that mRNA-mediated dystrophin replacement improves both muscle structural integrity and functional performance. Conclusions: Our study proved that the mRNA complex successfully produced func-tional dystrophin in transgenic mdx/d2 mice without causing allergic reactions or damage to the kidney, intestines, muscles, or brain.

Abstract: Consistent behavioural differences among individuals have been documented across many animal taxa, yet their developmental consequences remain less clear in domestic production systems. This gap is especially relevant in managed environments, where food availability and ecological constraints differ markedly from those in the wild. In this study, we assessed behavioural traits in 25 Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) ewes and examined their associations with early growth in their lambs under semi-captive conditions on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. We quantified docility, exploration, vocal responses, and several physiological measures of responsiveness in ewes, and related these variables to lamb birth weight, early weight gain, and a composite growth index. We found that maternal docility had no significant effect on lamb birth weight, whereas maternal activity was negatively associated with offspring birth weight. One possible interpretation is that more behaviourally responsive ewes allocate energy differently during gestation, which could limit fetal growth, although this mechanism was not directly tested here. These results suggest that behavioural effects on offspring development depend strongly on production context. In this semi-captive system, greater maternal responsiveness was not associated with improved offspring performance, unlike patterns often discussed for wild populations. This context dependence may be relevant when behavioural traits are considered in Tibetan sheep management or breeding.

Abstract: Microorganisms can aggregate and organise into structured communities embedded within an exopolysaccharide-based matrix, which serves as a protective barrier and an functional environment around microbial cells. The formation of biofilms is widely recognised as a pivotal factor in bacterial virulence, impeding the efficacy of antimicrobial agents and hindering immune responses, whilst concomitantly contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance and the onset of persistent infections. Biofilm formation is a tightly regulated and dynamic process, controlled by quorum sensing mechanisms and profoundly influenced by enviromental factors and nutrient availability. The objective of this review is to elucidate the significance of biofilms in clinical settings, with a particular focus on their role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Particular attention is devoted to biofilm-associated infections related to invasive medical devices as well as to chronic conditions occurring in predisposed patients, including individuals with cystic fibrosis. This review also examines the structure of biofilms and the bacteria responsible for their production, as well as the latest strategies for combating antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, the role of biofilm-associated infections is analysed, with a focus on recent advancements in biofilm pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges and the necessity for innovative therapeutic strategies to disrupt biofilm integrity.

Abstract: Background: To investigate the association between symptomatic flexible flatfoot, pronated foot, and genu valgum and global postural alignment in children and adolescents, with particular focus on pelvic and spinal parameters and patterns of pain localization. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on a cohort of 2,130 individuals evaluated for postural dysfunction. A paediatric subgroup (=126) between the ages of 6 and 10 years (Mage = 8.50, SD = 1.78), presenting with symptomatic lower-limb deformities was selected. Participants were classified into three groups: symptomatic flexible flatfoot (n = 64), pronated foot (n = 38), and genu valgum (n = 24), based on clinical and radiographic criteria including Foot Posture Index (FPI-6), Staheli Arch Index, Meary’s angle, talo-calcaneal angle, and femoro-tibial angle. Global postural alignment was assessed using optoelectronic analysis and weight-bearing radiographs. Results: Neutral postural alignment was infrequently observed. Recurrent patterns included pelvic anteversion and mild variations in sagittal spinal curves, generally within paediatric reference ranges. Frontal-plane deviations were common but predominantly mild. Differences between groups were mainly related to distribution rather than magnitude of postural variations. Pain was described according to anatomical location. Conclusions: Lower-limb deformities in children appear to be associated with specific patterns of postural adaptation rather than isolated segmental alterations. However, findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the absence of a control group and the cross-sectional design. Further studies are required to determine clinical relevance.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Since the 2010s, Korea has implemented policies to promote physical education for female students. This study aimed to examine changes in self-rated health among Korean men and women in their 20s and 30s over the past 15 years. Methods: This study used data from the Korea Community Health Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency from 2010 to 2024. The study population comprised adults aged 20–39 years selected through a two-stage sampling process—probability proportional to size sampling followed by systematic sampling. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, independent samples t-test, and two-way analysis of variance. Results: First, self-rated health was highest among men in their 20s, followed by women in their 20s, men in their 30s, and women in their 30s across all years. Second, self-rated health showed a positive correlation with year, indicating higher levels in more recent surveys. It also showed a correlation with age, with younger individuals reporting higher levels of self-rated health. Third, men consistently reported higher self-rated health across all years compared with women. Fourth, individuals in their 20s consistently reported higher self-rated health than those in their 30s. Fifth, the difference between men and women remained relatively consistent over the 15-year period. Conclusions: The findings did not show a clear improvement in women’s self-rated health or a substantial reduction in the gender gap. These results suggest the need for a systematic redesign of policies promoting physical education for female students in Korea.

Abstract: Copper supplementation in European pig production selects for the pandemic multidrug-resistant (MDR) monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 clone through Salmonella Genomic Island 4, which co-carries copper/silver resistance and antimicrobial resistance determinants on the same mobile genetic element — a paradigmatic example of non-antibiotic co-selective pressure connecting animal health, food safety, and public health under the One Health paradigm. EU Regulation 2025/179, which mandates whole-genome sequencing for foodborne outbreak investigation from August 2026, will generate an unprecedented genomic data infrastructure across Europe; this infrastructure contains, as an inherent by-product of sequencing, the metal resistance markers that would enable quantification of such co-selective pressures — a capability that extends beyond the outbreak detection purpose for which it was conceived. Multi-dimensional genomic risk assessment frameworks integrating virulence, environmental persistence, and antimicrobial resistance into quantitative actionable indices represent a pathway to realise this opportunity, connecting copper reduction in animal feed (Regulation 2018/1039) with genomic surveillance (Regulation 2025/179) along a One Health continuum from farm to patient.

Abstract: Insider threats pose a persistent and evolving challenge to contemporary software ecosystems, where privileged users can exploit access for malicious purposes, often evading traditional perimeter-based defences. This paper introduces a novel hybrid framework that synergistically integrates zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) and behavioural analytics to detect and mitigate such threats with enhanced privacy and precision. ZKPs enable secure authentication and data verification without revealing sensitive information, ensuring compliance with privacy regulations like GDPR while thwarting unauthorized access. Complementarily, our behavioural analytics engine employs advanced machine learning models, including graph neural networks and unsupervised anomaly detection (e.g., isolation forests), to profile user behaviours across software pipelines, identifying deviations indicative of insider malice. The proposed architecture is deployed in a microservices-based ecosystem, demonstrating scalability via containerized components on Kubernetes. Extensive evaluations on benchmark datasets (e.g., CERT Insider Threat) and simulated enterprise environments yield a 95% detection accuracy, with 40% fewer false positives than state-of-the-art methods like UEBA systems. Latency remains under 50ms for real-time operations, preserving performance in high-throughput scenarios. Our framework outperforms baselines by 25% in F1-score, validated through rigorous ablation studies. By bridging cryptographic privacy with AI-driven intelligence, this work advances proactive security for modern software, offering deployable solutions against sophisticated insiders. Future extensions explore quantum-resistant ZKPs for post-quantum resilience.

Abstract: The rapid proliferation of large language model (LLM) powered multi-agent systems creates a non-trivial combinatorial optimization problem: routing heterogeneous tasks to the most cost-effective model tier while maintaining quality guarantees. Current production systems rely on static lookup tables, which over-provision expensive models and waste computational budget. We formalize the LLM Cascade Routing Problem (LCRP) as a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problem and solve it using the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). We benchmark QAOA against greedy heuristics and simulated annealing using both Google Cirq simulation and real IBM Quantum hardware (156-qubit Heron processors). Experiments across three IBM backends (ibm_fez, ibm_kingston, ibm_marrakesh) on problem instances from 6 to 18 qubits reveal three key findings: (i) shallow QAOA circuits (p=1, depth 52) achieve 15.4% valid assignment rate on real hardware versus 0.8% for deeper circuits (p=2, depth 101), demonstrating that NISQ noise favors shallow ansatze; (ii) hardware constraint satisfaction degrades steeply with problem size, dropping from 37-43% at 6 qubits to 0.2-0.3% at 18 qubits; and (iii) results are reproducible across all three backends with consistent valid rates within plus or minus 1.5%. To our knowledge, this is the first quantum computing formulation of the LLM model routing problem. We provide an open-source implementation and discuss the projected quantum advantage horizon.

Abstract:

This study investigates whether impact investing through Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) indices listed on India’s National Stock Exchange (NSE) can generate abnormal returns relative to the broader market benchmark. Using data from ESG indices listed on the National Stock Exchange between April 2011 and June 2023, the analysis evaluates the risk–return performance of the Nifty100 ESG and Nifty Enhanced ESG indices relative to the Nifty 100 benchmark. We applied a comprehensive suite of time-series methodologies encompassing unit root testing, month-of-the-year dummy regressions, ARIMA residual modelling, and, critically, Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) family models to test the impact investing hypothesis. Conditional volatility surged in April 2020 during the COVID-19 market shock, however the ESG indices exhibited slightly lower peak volatility than the Nifty 100. Results show that both ESG indices outperformed the conventional benchmark over the full sample period, achieving cumulative gains of about 272–274% compared with 240% for the Nifty 100. A distinct March effect—analogous to the January effect in developed markets—is detected at the 10% significance level for ESG indices. Our findings underscore the growing importance of responsible investing and time-varying risk premia in the Indian equity market.

Abstract: Oxidative stress plays a central role in the development of chronic diseases, increasing interest in natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents derived from plant sources. Although Vaccinium myrtillus L. (bilberry) fruits are well studied, the bioactive potential of its leaves remains insufficiently explored. In this study, dried leaves collected in Estonia were extracted using five solvents of different polarity (MeOH/H₂O 80:20, EtOH, H₂O, MeOH, and acetone). Antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using FRAP and DPPH assays, total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and selected extracts were qualitatively profiled by LC–ESI/MS in SIM mode. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was assessed in vitro using an agar-based colony-counting method for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. The highest antioxidant activity and phenolic content were observed in methanol and hydroalcoholic extracts, with MeOH/H₂O (80:20) showing the lowest DPPH IC₅₀ and highest TPC values. LC–ESI/MS analysis tentatively identified phenolic acids and flavonoids, including gallic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol. The aqueous extract exhibited antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria (MIC 0.10–0.40 mg/mL). Statistically significant differences among solvent systems were confirmed by one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). These findings support the solvent-dependent bioactivity of V. myrtillus leaves and their potential application in functional formulations.

Abstract: This paper presents a mathematical formalization of human–computer interaction under a zero-distance constraint, introducing a degenerate formulation of Fitts’s Law. In classical models, movement time depends logarithmically on spatial distance and target size. By enforcing D→0, the Index of Difficulty converges to zero, and movement time reduces to a constant equal to the physiological intercept, yielding a constant-time interaction model. A rigorous ε–δ limit analysis proves convergence, while an optimization formulation shows that zero-distance interaction achieves the global minimum of latency. From a control-theoretic perspective, the model eliminates nonlinear dependencies and produces a time-invariant system. The framework is empirically validated on a teleoperated mobile robotic platform using a haptic Touch-Release protocol. Experimental results show a reduction in total response latency from approximately 1040 ms to 450 ms (≈56%). Cryptographically secured telemetry (AES-256) ensures data integrity and reproducibility. The proposed model establishes a new paradigm of constant-time human–computer interaction, with implications for optimization and control in cyber-physical systems and safety-critical applications.

Abstract: This study proposes a mechanobiological model explaining how the multilayered retroperitoneal fascia forms through the interplay of local and systemic tension fields. The classical peritoneal fusion hypothesis (Toldt, 1879) cannot account for the regular lamellar architecture observed in this region, nor for the 10-week temporal lag between early visceral fixation (gestational week 10) and definitive fascial lamination (gestational week 20). We hypothesize that early local tension at gestational weeks 10–12 forms the inner layer of the renal fascia, while a “systemic tension field”—driven by axial skeletal ossification, pelvic expansion, and exponential volumetric growth and converging near gestational week 20—establishes a fetal-scale tensegrity network. This systemic tension triggers orthogonal Poisson effect compression, poroelastic fluid exudation, and lysyl oxidase (LOX)-mediated cross-linking, the integration of which generates the multilayered outer fascial layers. To provide empirical grounding for this theoretical framework, we identified a cohort of adults with pure renal absence (empty renal fossa; n = 3) from 5,509 consecutive CT scans. Despite the absence of a sustained, expanding renal mass (due to true agenesis or severe involution), continuous outer fascial layers were unambiguously preserved in all cases, demonstrating that their formation is tension-driven rather than organ-dependent. This natural “subtraction experiment” resolves a long-standing discrepancy between classical gross anatomy and modern cross-sectional imaging and supports a mechanobiological origin for retroperitoneal fascial lamination.

Abstract: We derive an effective gravitational potential \( Φ_{halo} (r)∼-[ln⁡( r/r_*)+1]/r \) from the asymptotic behavior of dark matter halo models. At microscopic scales, the logarithmic term changes sign, producing repulsion that prevents matter from collapsing into a singularity. The corresponding logarithmically corrected Schwarzschild metric yields parameter-free, a priori predictions for the shadows of Sgr A* and M87* that agree with Event Horizon Telescope observations. Six falsifiable predictions for unobserved black holes, particularly NGC315, can discriminate this metric from the Kerr solution. On galactic scales, the same logarithmic term fits rotation curves of the Milky Way, Andromeda, and NGC2974 using only ordinary matter, and passes the Bullet Cluster lensing test. Tidal effects in the Solar System are far below current experimental limits, ensuring consistency with the equivalence principle and parameterized post-Newtonian tests. We further derive the modified field equations via coarse-grained variation (Appendix B) from the effective action of a quantum vortex background, thus providing a more complete theoretical bridge to the modified Poisson equation and metric used in the main text. This effective theoretical framework indicates that various gravitational phenomena from black holes to galaxies may share a common quantum topological origin. It provides a unified, testable alternative to the dark matter problem, and also points out a potential path for the observable detection of quantum gravity effects.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: The main objective of the study was to determine the frequency of patients who underwent breast conserving surgery (BCS) and those with modified radical mastectomy and to compare the clinical-paraclinical parameters between these groups. Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective study, which included 101 patients diagnosed with breast cancer that had surgical interventions between January 2024 and April 2025. Results: The BCS category was represented by 36.6& cases, while 63.4% were in the mastectomy subgroup. Hemoglobin at the time of admission had an average of 13 g/dL, the difference between the 2 categories of patients being statistically significant. (13.7 vs 12.7, p=0.010). Conclusions: Although it has been a hotly debated topic in recent years, the choice of surgical technique for breast tumors still presents novelties and interest in surgical specialties. Selection criteria such as disease stage, histopathological subtype, and the intervention chosen by the surgeon may vary and oncological results may be comparable.

Abstract: Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological functions driven by cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and alterations in the gut microbiota. Quercetin is a potential anti-aging compound; however, its clinical application is limited by low bioavailability. In this study, we investigated whether enhancing quercetin bioavailability using EubioQuercetin (EQN) improves aging phenotypes by modulating the gut microbiota–intestinal axis. Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with EQN or conventional quercetin for 12 weeks. Aging phenotypes were assessed using a composite aging score based on hair glossiness, hair loss, and the presence of white hair. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing with centered log-ratio transformation, and intestinal gene expression was evaluated via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Notably, EQN significantly reduced the aging score compared to the control (median = 4.5 vs. 8; p < 0.01), with greater efficacy than conventional quercetin. Microbiota analysis identified taxa that were positively (Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, Desulfovibrio, and Lachnoclostridium) and negatively (Akkermansia and Christensenellaceae) associated with aging. EQN selectively suppressed aging-associated taxa and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. It also downregulated the expression levels of senescence-related genes (p21, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5) and upregulated those of tight junction genes (claudin-1 and -6), indicating improved intestinal barrier function. No significant associations were observed between the aging score and levels of short-chain fatty acids or most circulating proteins. Overall, these findings suggest that enhancing quercetin bioavailability amplifies its anti-aging effects through the coordinated modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function. Therefore, targeting the gut microbiota–intestinal axis via bioavailable dietary polyphenols represents a promising strategy for promoting healthy aging.

Abstract:

We present \textsc{Aegypti}, a hybrid algorithm for detecting a single triangle in an undirected graph \( G = (V, E) \) with \( n = |V| \) vertices and \( m = |E| \) edges. The algorithm operates in two phases. In the \emph{fast path}, a clique-constrained Union-Find structure (\textsc{FastCliqueUF}) streams over the edges and merges components only when the union remains a clique; the moment any component reaches size~\( \geq 3 \), a triangle witness is returned. Because components remain of size at most \( 2 \) until the detecting merge, each \textsc{Union} costs only \( \Oh(1) \) (bitset operations touch \( \Oh(k/\wordlen) \) blocks with \( k=O(1) \)). The fast path therefore runs in \( \Oh(n^2/\wordlen + m) \) time (dominated by initialisation), using packed \texttt{uint64} SIMD bitset operations; on triangle-rich graphs this reduces to \( \Oh(n^2/\wordlen) \) in practice and is \( \Oh(n^2) \) in the RAM model. If the fast path finds no triangle, a \emph{fallback} using adjacency-set intersections solves the problem in \( \Oh(m^{3/2}) \) time. The overall running time is therefore \( T(G) \;=\; \Oh\!\left( \frac{n^2}{\wordlen} + m^{3/2} \right) \) in the worst case. On triangle-rich graphs the fast path typically terminates after processing only a small fraction of the edges, achieving \( \Oh(n^2/\wordlen) \) time in practice; on triangle-free graphs the fallback dominates. For triangle-containing graphs, \( \Oh(n^2/\wordlen) \)is at most as large as \( \Oh(m^{3/2}) \) whenever \( m = \Omega(n^{4/3}) \) (the dense regime), and the constant-factor savings from SIMD make it substantially faster in practice. We prove correctness, analyse the complexity of each phase, and validate the algorithm on the full Second DIMACS Implementation Challenge benchmark suite, where \textsc{Aegypti} detects triangles in all tested instances in under \( 12 \)s.

Abstract: Flexible photovoltaic modules offer an innovative approach for Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) on non-planar envelopes. However, the dynamic outdoor environment aggravates the photoelectric mismatch mechanism caused by complex curved geometries. This study experimentally investigates the outdoor experimental investigation into the dynamic electrical and thermal performance of large-scale curved CIGS modules equipped with bypass diodes. Six representative configurations—flat, length-convex(lgvx), length-concave(lgcv), width-convex(wdvx), width-concave(wdcv), and wavy—were continuously monitored under real weather conditions in Hefei, China. The results indicate that while flat modules maintain the highest daily energy yield (453.32 Wh) , the wdvx in longitudinal direction exhibits exceptional adaptability, achieving an average Performance Ratio (PR) of 91.46% and outperforming the flat type during low solar altitude periods in the day. Infrared thermal imaging reveals significant temperature gradients driven by the mismatch effect, with the lgcv module reaching a peak temperature of 65.88°C. Furthermore, the I-V characteristic curves demonstrate that non-uniform self-shading triggers bypass diode activation, resulting in severe step-like current drops and multiple power peaks in concave and wavy shapes. These findings offer crucial practical guidelines for optimizing cell layout and thermal management in curved BIPV envelops.

Abstract: This study investigates urban well-being in New York City and Berlin using a combination of survey-based life satisfaction data, quantum wave modeling, and spatial econometric approaches. Unlike classical deterministic frameworks, our methodology captures both the expected level and the uncertainty of life satisfaction, revealing significant intra-urban heterogeneity. Empirical results show that income inequality, housing costs, social capital, and access to green space are key determinants of welfare, with spatial disparities persisting in NYC’s outer boroughs and Berlin’s Eastern districts. The quantum wave model outperforms traditional utility-based models, highlighting the importance of probabilistic approaches in urban welfare analysis. Policy simulations indicate that targeted interventions in housing affordability, environmental quality, and mobility can effectively raise average welfare and reduce inequality. The study provides actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers, emphasizing the need for distribution-sensitive and spatially aware strategies to enhance life satisfaction and urban resilience.