Social Sciences

Abstract: Evidence is mixed regarding when people rely on artificial intelligence (AI) rather than human advice, and advice-taking from AI remains uncharacterized in crisis-related decision scenarios. Across two preregistered studies, we used the judge-advisor system and Weight of Advice to examine how decision context, advisor presentation, and advice framing shape advice taking. In Study 1, participants made decisions in ordinary scenarios and crisis scenarios. Advice-taking was higher in crisis scenarios than in ordinary scenarios, and AI advice received greater uptake than human advice in the crisis condition. In Study 2, which focused on crisis scenarios, advisor type (human, anthropomorphic AI, non-anthropomorphic AI) and advice framing (avoidance-oriented vs. approach-oriented) were varied between participants. Results revealed a crossover interaction: avoidance-oriented advice received greater uptake from anthropomorphic AI than from non-anthropomorphic AI, whereas approach-oriented advice received greater uptake from non-anthropomorphic AI than from anthropomorphic AI. These findings suggest that AI advice-taking in crisis decision scenarios is shaped by both context and communication design. Anthropomorphism does not uniformly increase the persuasiveness of AI advice; instead, its effect depends on how the advice is framed.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: This prospective observational study compared six-month changes in body composition, exercise performance, and cardiorespiratory fitness between amateur swimmers following coach-supervised periodized training and swimmers training independently. Methods: Twenty healthy men aged 40–60 years were enrolled in a coach-supervised master-swimmer group (MS; n = 10) or a self-directed leisure-swimmer group (LS; n = 10). Both groups swam three times per week and reported similar total training volumes. Anthropometry, body composition, dietary intake, and cardiopulmonary responses during an incremental treadmill test were assessed before training (T0) and after six months (T6). Results: Total exercise time and maximal treadmill speed increased numerically in both groups, with no significant between-group differences (p > 0.05). The reported percentage changes in maximal oxygen uptake were 12.6 ± 14.0% in MS and 2.5 ± 5.4% in LS, while oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold changed by 16.8 ± 16.8% and 2.5 ± 5.4%, respectively (reported between-group p < 0.05). Body-composition changes did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: Coach-supervised periodized training was associated with larger improvements in aerobic-fitness indices than self-directed training of broadly similar volume.

Abstract: The Arousal Appraisal Model (AAM) reconceptualizes emotion as one regime within a structural-continuum model of arousal-regulated experience. Its novelty lies in treating arousal not as an episodic fight-or-flight response, but as a continuous mobilization-calibration process in which the nervous system samples external sensory input, interoceptive bodily condition, and memory-based meaning to estimate how much physiological recruitment is needed now. AAM specifies four graded regimes along a mobilization-capacity continuum: low-load contemplation, matched-load action, excess-load emotion, and overload collapse/freeze. When mobilization remains below the threshold for coordinated output, experience is characterized by quiet readiness and tentative inclination. When mobilization approximates available capacity and can be deployed through effective throughput, it becomes coherent engagement or flow-like action. When mobilization exceeds what can be directly deployed into the available task or action pathway, surplus activation is expressed phenomenologically and behaviorally as emotion. Its valence and form are shaped by appraisal, meaning, social context, and outcome. When exceedance persists under high constraint or blocked action, output may be restricted as collapse or freeze. The model yields testable predictions linking physiological mobilization, capacity, throughput, and appraised constraint to reports of possibility, propulsion, affective expression, or output restriction.

Abstract: Mountain destinations are vital areas for sustainable tourism, yet the cultural value of local culinary heritage is often underutilized compared to natural attractions. This study examines the role of culinary heritage in the development of ecotourism in the Sharr Mountains region, investigating its contribution to tourist experiences, satisfaction, and destination loyalty. Data were collected from 93 domestic and international tourists through a structured survey, complemented by field observations and documentary analysis. The empirical analysis evaluates visitor perceptions regarding the authenticity and quality of traditional Sharr gastronomy, alongside behavioral intentions to recommend or return to the region. The findings indicate that traditional gastronomy is an important component of the visitor experience, receiving exceptionally high ratings for authenticity and quality. Furthermore, a strong positive relationship was observed between engagement with local food systems, overall tourist satisfaction, and intentions to revisit and recommend the Sharr Mountains. The study concludes that culinary heritage can function simultaneously as an intangible cultural resource and a strategic destination development tool. Integrating traditional gastronomy into sustainable mountain tourism products strengthens local economic participation and supports long-term cultural preservation.

Abstract: Internalized cultural capital refers to dispositions and evaluative schemas incorporated through socialization, constituting a symbolic substrate difficult to measure empirically. Valid instruments for this construct in higher education remain scarce in Latin America. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Internalized Cultural Capital Scale (Díaz Herrera et al., 2020) in Chilean university students. A sample of 616 undergraduates (58.8% women; M age = 22.58, SD = 4.37) was split into two subsamples (n = 308 each) for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. EFA on polychoric correlations replicated the five-factor structure (KMO = 0.844), explaining 68.1% of variance. CFA (WLSMV) revealed an identification problem in the two-indicator Family Projection factor. A four-factor model showed adequate fit (CFI = .958; TLI = .948; RMSEA = .106; SRMR = .082). Three dimensions showed good reliability (ordinal α: .79–.94; ω: .748–.918; AVE: .511–.677). The total score correlated negatively with socioeconomic self-placement (ρ = −.250; p < .001) but overlapped substantially with the Gender Role Attitudes Scale (ρ = −.654; p < .001), not supporting discriminant validity. Women scored significantly higher than men on three dimensions. These findings inform instrument refinement for research on cultural inequality in higher education.

Abstract: Contemporary democracies face an apparent paradox: while numerous indicators point to a decline in political trust and democratic functioning, political participation remains relatively stable and is even increasing in some contexts. This study proposes a psychosocial and institutional framework to explain this paradox by jointly analysing political trust, generalized social trust, external political efficacy, and satisfaction with human development as predictors of both institutional and extra-institutional political participation. It also analyses the role of democratic quality as a contextual factor that moderates these relationships. Data from the eleventh wave of the European Social Survey (ESS) were analysed using structural equation modelling and multigroup analysis across countries with varying levels of democratic quality according to the Democracy Index. The results show that generalized social trust and external political efficacy are positively associated with both forms of participation, whereas political trust is positively associated only with institutional participation. All three variables are positively related to satisfaction with human development, which in turn shows a negative association with both forms of participation and acts as a mediating variable. Furthermore, democratic quality moderates these relationships: in flawed democracies, the associations between generalized trust and institutional participation, and between political trust and extra-institutional participation, disappear. Overall, the findings show that political participation depends on the interaction among psychosocial factors, contextual factors, and democratic institutions, integrating insights from political sociology, the social psychology of participation, and relative deprivation theory.

Abstract: Suicidal crises are often conceptualized as discrete events, diagnostic outcomes, or ideation-driven escalations. The Survival Architecture of Coping (SArC) offers a state-process model in which acute suicide risk emerges when rising activation outpaces deployable coping capacity. Activation refers to subjective urgency and action-readiness; deployable capacity refers to what can be recruited in the moment across three interdependent capacities: regulation, representation, and connection. As activation rises and these capacities contract, present or anticipated suffering may become appraised as unbearable and inescapable, while death is increasingly represented as the remaining route to relief. SArC specifies how this activation-capacity mismatch can converge into an acute suicidal state and generates observable indicators and within-person predictions for intensive longitudinal testing. The model is supported if mismatch, constriction, and prospective suffering appraisal predict near-term escape appraisal or intent beyond ideation intensity, global distress, diagnosis, and static risk factors. Clinically, SArC functions as a formulation aid within established suicide-risk assessment and management.

Abstract: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a prevalent public health and human rights concern. However, evidence regarding the role of resilience remains limited. The aim of this study was to examine the association between resilience and IPV. Additionally, we examined the association between several sociodemographic characteristics and IPV. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Greece in August 2026 using a convenience sample. IPV was assessed with the Woman Abuse Screening Tool, while resilience was measured using the Brief Resilience Scale. Sociodemographic characteristics included age, marital status, children, educational level, employment status, and financial status. Multivariable analysis showed that resilience was associated with lower levels of IPV. Age moderated the association between resilience and IPV; with stronger associations observed among Generation X and Millennials than among Generation Z. Younger age was associated with higher levels of IPV. Women with children, lower educational attainment, and unemployment reported significantly higher IPV scores. In conclusion, resilience is independently associated with lower levels of IPV. The protective effect of resilience appears to strengthen with increasing age. Moreover, younger age, parenthood, lower educational attainment, and unemployment are associated with greater IPV exposure. Resilience-building interventions may be particularly beneficial in efforts to prevent and address IPV.

Abstract: Contemporary systemic-risk governance is organized around a family of concepts, risk, Knightian uncertainty, deep uncertainty, complexity, systemic risk, and polycrisis, each built to isolate one dimension of a disorderly world. We argue that the family has a gap at its center: none of its members names the standing condition in which multiple uncertainties interact and evolve continuously, including in the quiet periods before any recognizable crisis. We call that condition Polyuncertainty and define it through five necessary attributes, multiplicity, interdependence, dynamic evolution, cascading effects, and limited governability, and five generative mechanisms. The contribution is deliberately conceptual. We propose no new estimator and claim no priority over the mature apparatus for systemic risk in finance or compound risk in climate science; the claim is that a bounded organizing concept, positioned against its neighbors and equipped with boundary conditions and testable propositions, can improve problem definition and set a cumulative research agenda across governance capability, measurement, and domain application. Five recent episodes in which losses spread through structure rather than the initiating hazard motivate the concept, and a transparent agent-based simulation, offered as a proof of concept, shows that the five mechanisms generate a disproportionate-cascade signature single-hazard assessment misses, and that slack, coordination, and the timing of coordination move it as the framework predicts.

Abstract: Background: University students are particularly vulnerable to emotional distress be-cause academic demands and developmental transitions may interact with broader societal challenges. This study examined emotional functioning in Spanish university students and explored the preliminary psychometric properties of two measures deri-ved from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Methods: An explora-tory cross-sectional study was conducted with 913 university students in Spain using an online questionnaire distributed through non-probability snowball sampling bet-ween April and May 2023. The instrument was adapted from HADS items, reviewed by experts, pilot-tested, and administered using a seven-point Likert scale. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and exploratory component analy-ses were performed separately for the anxiety- and depression-related dimensions. Results: Participants generally reported preserved positive emotional functioning, al-though moderate levels of tension, nervousness, and worry were observed. Women scored higher than men on several anxiety-related indicators. After reassignment of three semantically inconsistent items, internal consistency improved from α = .700 to α = .853 for anxiety and from α = .370 to α = .798 for depression. Both revised dimensions showed adequate sampling adequacy and predominantly unidimensional structures. Conclusions: The adapted HADS-derived measures demonstrated satisfactory preli-minary psychometric performance. However, because the original instrument was substantially modified and the study employed a non-probability sample, the scales should be considered exploratory research measures pending further validation.

Abstract: This study investigates the pathway through which short-term macroeconomic dynamics impact the financial performance of publicly listed residential real estate firms in Israel, addressing a gap in the literature that often focuses solely on macro-level housing market aggregates. We employ Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) on 190 firm-year observations from 38 companies spanning the high-volatility period of 2020–2024. The model, which demonstrated strong overall explanatory power, maps the linkages from core macroeconomic inputs (interest rates, construction costs) to corporate profitability. Core results reveal a stark divergence in the efficacy of macroeconomic tools: While Central Bank interest rate hikes powerfully suppress transaction volumes, corporate profitability is primarily driven by the positive and significant transmission of Construction Input Index (CII) inflation to housing prices. Crucially, this study quantifies the effect of Israel’s unique institutional feature: the widespread contractual indexation of pre-sale agreements. This mechanism functions as an effective risk-transfer conduit, insulating developers from cost volatility and allowing them to convert market price appreciation into significantly enhanced corporate performance. Furthermore, maintaining a strong capital structure (higher Equity/Assets ratio) is shown to be vital for firm resilience. The findings suggest that effective policy aimed at price moderation must target structural supply rigidity and rising input costs rather than relying exclusively on demand-side monetary interventions.

Abstract: Doctoral research monitoring in technical universities can be conceptualized as a socio-technical system in which research trajectories, supervisory practices, institutional rules, digital infrastructures, and assessment norms interact within a broader socioeconomic environment. This article develops a conceptual framework and a Provisional Diagnostic Model (PDM) for Engineering and Management through an integrative conceptual synthesis. The framework specifies system boundaries and hypothesized reinforcing, balancing, and metric-gaming feedback loops. The model separates institutional opportunity conditions from evidence of individual progress and engagement, and reports effective weights and evidence coverage alongside its aggregate score. It distinguishes research novelty from applied relevance through profile-specific contribution rules and introduces a separate, non-compensatory gate for novelty, research integrity, and methodological rigor. Fully specified synthetic examples demonstrate calculation, missing-data treatment, and parameter sensitivity. The framework is neither an empirically validated instrument nor a calibrated system-dynamics simulation. It provides an explicit conceptual specification for future testing and formative doctoral monitoring without treating resource access or output counts as sufficient evidence of research quality.

Abstract: The post‑pandemic era has witnessed that office politics has become increasingly concealed and digitalized under remote‑work arrangements, imposing substantial impacts on employees’ psychological states and behavioral responses. Grounded in the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, this study constructs a moderated‑mediation model to explore how perceived office politics evokes work withdrawal behaviors among remote employees. Questionnaire data were collected from 412 remote employees, and hypotheses were tested via hierarchical regression and bootstrapping approaches. Results show that perceived office politics positively predicts emotional exhaustion and work‑withdrawal behaviors. Emotional exhaustion fully mediates the association between perceived office politics and work withdrawal. Furthermore, remote‑work frequency positively moderates the link between perceived office politics and emotional exhaustion, such that this relationship is stronger for employees engaging in high‑frequency remote work. Our findings indicate that, although digital work settings reduce face‑to‑face interpersonal conflicts, information asymmetry in distributed teams may amplify stress‑related psychological costs and trigger employees’ “invisible withdrawal”. This study offers empirical evidence for understanding the psychological consequences of transformed workplace politics in modern organizations and yields practical implications for organizational intervention in remote and hybrid contexts.

Abstract: Publicly accessible research record is often assessed through the availability of individual artifacts: preregistrations, protocols, data, materials, code, preprints, and final reports. Availability, however, does not establish that these objects can be followed as parts of the same research process. Recent lifecycle-open-science work calls for plans, outputs, and outcomes to remain transparent, accessible, linked, and findable over time. Existing metaresearch has measured registration practices, data and code sharing, reporting transparency, and discrepancies between registrations and later reports. Other work has developed technical systems for representing provenance and relationships among research objects. What remains less directly measured is whether an independent research consumer can begin from a prospective public research plan and correctly identify the outcome that belongs to that plan by following the public record itself.This preregistered metaresearch study introduces research-lifecycle traceability as a reader-facing property of the public research record. Traceability is distinguished from artifact availability, relational connectedness, and reconstructive burden. A retrospective cohort of public prospective registrations will undergo independent two-stage auditing. During record-only reconstruction, evaluators will begin from each registration and may follow only links available through the starting record and directly connected project pages. External search will be prohibited. After those judgments are locked, a separate reconstruction stage will establish whether a qualifying public outcome exists and identify the correct outcome where possible. The primary analysis will be restricted to registrations with independently confirmed public outcomes. The primary estimand is the proportion of such studies for which both evaluators correctly reach the outcome during record-only reconstruction. Secondary analyses will examine linkage direction, persistent identifiers, associated research artifacts, broken paths, ambiguous matches, and reconstruction time. The study tests whether publicly available research artifacts routinely form a public record that can actually be followed from plan to outcome.

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to actualize the research tasks of military-technical translation/interpreting as one of the three primary functional-pragmatic sub-types of military translation/interpreting. Despite numerous academic publications addressing the theoretical issues of military-technical translation/interpreting, its foundational conceptual provisions remain insufficiently developed and lack definitive formalization as structured theoretical constructs. It is necessary to summarize and analyze academic publications, educational and methodological works, regulatory documents, reference materials, and the practical application of military-technical translation/interpreting spanning the period of 1993–2026. Furthermore, it is essential to substantiate the theoretical and conceptual basis of military-technical translation/interpreting by delineating its object, subject matter, purpose, tasks, conceptual framework, and the specificity of its execution within the system of linguistic support for military forces. Other priority research tasks concerning military-technical translation/interpreting include: investigating the genre-stylistic specificity of military-technical texts; providing an academic description of various types of military-technical texts and developing their typology; systematizing the lexico-semantic and grammatical-syntactic difficulties inherent in military-technical translation/interpreting; determining the scope of the military-terminological (normative-codifying) activity of the military translator/interpreter; and refining the content and definitions of specialized terms, ultimately culminating in the compilation of an appropriate glossary.

Abstract: The question of which structural levers actually enhance climate governance arises when hydrocarbon-dependent economies strive for low-carbon growth. In fact, this paper aims to analyze the impact of climate economy and ‎sustainability‎, digital transformation and ‎smart platform, economic development‎, trade openness and women's empowerment ‎and leadership on climate governance in short and long term in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2025 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) approach. The unit root tests: Philipps-Perron (PP) and Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) verify that all series are integrated of order one. The Wald test (F = 41.96) indicates the presence of long run relationships between variables. However, the Bounds test (F = 12.75) verify that long run cointegration relationships exist, and the CUSUM and CUSUMSQ plots verify parameter stability. The chosen ARDL(1,0,1,2,0,0) specification indicates that in the short term, female labor force participation (-0.122), digital transformation (-3.738 contemporaneous; -3.097 lagged), and renewable energy consumption (-1.537) all significantly lower per-capita emissions, while GDP effects cancel each other out across lags and trade openness is negligible. Long-term impacts like digital transformation (-6.955), renewable energy (-1.564), and women's empowerment (-0.125) are substantial at 1%, whereas trade openness and economic progress have no equilibrium influence. Therefore, as complementary tools of climate governance under Vision 2030, policy should prioritize expedited deployment of renewable energy, ongoing investment in e-government and smart platforms, and participation of women in the labor market.

Abstract: Acute poisoning places a substantial burden on health systems in low- and middle-income countries, where limited medical toxicology capacity can constrain timely diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. However, little is known about healthcare workers’ perspectives on medical toxicology needs in Nigerian tertiary healthcare settings. This study explored healthcare workers’ perspectives on poisoning management and medical toxicology needs at a tertiary referral hospital in Abuja, Nigeria. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted at the National Hospital, Abuja. Fourteen purposively selected healthcare professionals completed a pre-interview survey and participated in face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis. Two overarching themes emerged: factors influencing poisoning and its management, and opportunities to strengthen poisoning management. Participants described socioeconomic vulnerability, environmental and occupational exposures, cultural health practices, and limited medical toxicology training as important challenges. They also identified inadequate antidote availability, limited access to specialist toxicology advice, lack of poison information services, and the need for improved surveillance, clinical decision-support tools, and continuing professional development. The findings identify key priorities for strengthening poisoning management, including medical toxicology training, antidote availability, poison information services, and surveillance, which may be relevant to similar tertiary healthcare settings in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa.

Abstract: Population ageing has increased the need for accessible and effective interventions to support cognitive functioning in older adults. This study examined the effects of virtual reality-based cognitive stimulation (VR-CS), paper-and-pencil cognitive stimulation (PP-CS), and socioemotional skills training (SEST) in community-dwelling older adults, while exploring whether baseline cognitive reserve moderated intervention outcomes. Sixty-five older adults attending a community program were allocated to one of three intervention groups: VR-CS, PP-CS, or SEST. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention assessments of global cognitive functioning, subjective memory complaints, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and functional ability. Cognitive reserve was assessed at baseline using the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire. Linear mixed-effects models showed a significant improvement in global cognitive functioning over time, with cognitive reserve moderating intervention effects across groups. Participants with lower and average cognitive reserve improved across all intervention modalities, whereas those with higher cognitive reserve showed cognitive gains mainly in the VR-CS and PP-CS groups. Subjective memory complaints increased in the SEST group, possibly reflecting enhanced self-awareness or metacognitive monitoring. No significant effects were observed for depressive symptoms or life satisfaction. These findings suggest that cognitive reserve may help identify which older adults benefit most from different intervention formats, supporting more personalized approaches to cognitive and socioemotional stimulation in community settings.

Abstract: Language-processing studies routinely average over the observers whose timing generated the effect. Observer-Dependent Entropy Retrieval (ODER) predicts that semantic access is organized in observer-indexed time, making observer identity part of the empirical object. Using ERP CORE and Natural Stories, this paper tests whether observer-indexed relations can be reconstructed from disjoint observations and which measurement transformations preserve or destroy them. In ERP CORE, timing estimated from one trial half and temporal localization estimated from the other were reunited only through correct participant identity. The symmetric observer-paired relation was r = .393, with a 95% bootstrap interval of [.207, .554] and a shared observer-pairing probability of p = .0004. The relation recurred across repeated trial allocations, survived amplitude control, and remained present without zero rectification. Pooling preserved the canonical semantic-negativity profile while eliminating the observer coordinate required to estimate the relation. Natural Stories revealed two behavioral surfaces. The locked clipped concentration family produced a positive but heterogeneous reader-paired relation. A prospectively specified signed temporal-allocation family produced substantially stronger recovery: all six signed-safe specifications were positive, and the family median was r = .491, with an interval of [.407, .577] and p = .0002. A prospectively frozen compression experiment then reduced ERP peak timing from its native resolution to three ordered categories. Contrary to prediction, compression did not weaken recovery: the native-minus-three-bin contrast was Δz ≈ −.004, with an interval of [−.155, .172]. The result also persisted without rectification. Pooling therefore preserved the canonical effect while destroying the observer relation, whereas severe temporal compression discarded most timing distinctions while preserving it. Measurement transformations must be evaluated by the scientific relations they preserve, not by resolution or retained detail alone. The compression interval does not establish equivalence across resolutions.

Abstract: Regional economies with high extractive dependence have high exposure to external shocks, but their monitoring faces restrictions due to the low frequency of regional statistics. The objective of this study is to analyze the trajectory of Meta’s business cycle and its response to shocks by constructing the Coincident Economic Activity Indicator for Meta, by its Spanish acronym, ICAEM, by their acronyms in Spanish. To do this, monthly information was consolidated (2010–2025), estimating a Dynamic Factor Model, complemented with the extraction of the cyclical component and Local Projections. The results show that the ICAEM consistently reproduces the turning points of the activity and presents high synchronization with the national cycle, although with larger amplitude fluctuations. Overall, Meta's sensitivity to external and macroeconomic shocks does not depend exclusively on its oil specialization, but on the interaction between its productive structure, costs, financial conditions, and territorial logistical restrictions. Local Projections show asymmetric transmission patterns in the face of international price shocks and failures in the national road infrastructure. The ICAEM constitutes a monthly monitoring tool that allows timely identification of changes in the cycle and provides empirical evidence to guide economic decisions and public policies in natural resource-intensive regions.