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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1454.v1

Silica Accumulation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Plants and Implications for Potato Yield Performance – Results from Field Experiments in Ne Germany

Daniel Puppe, Jacqueline Busse, Mathias Stein, Danuta Kaczorek, Christian Buhtz, Jörg Schaller

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Phytogenic silica; crop production; phytoliths; sustainability; biogenic silica; stress resilience; plant available silicon; silica amendment; long-term field experiment

Online: 19 September 2024 (20:10:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1472.v1

Long-Term Effects of Symbiotic Supplementation at Different Rearing Stages on Serum Biochemistry and Clostridium perfringens Antibiotic Resistance in Laying Hens

Webert Aurino da Silva, Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello, Lilian Francisco Arantes de Souza, Júlio Cézar dos Santos Nascimento, Marcos José Batista dos Santos, Mércia Rodrigues Barros, Miriam Nascimento Teixeira, Daniela Pinheiro de Oliveira, Apolônio Gomes Ribeiro, Dayane Albuquerque da Silva, Saruanna Millena dos Santos Clemente

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Prebiotic; Probiotic; Liver health

Online: 19 September 2024 (08:08:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1462.v1

Employ the Colored Rice Cultivars Under the Foliar Biofortification to Facilitate the Zinc Enrichment

Yuanqi Wang, Muhammad Raza Farooq, Yukun Guo, Haoyuan Sun, Pincheng Rao, Zhiwei Peng, Youtao Chen, Xuebin Yin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Colored rice; Foliar zinc application; Zinc content; Plant height; Biomass; SPAD values; Protein content

Online: 19 September 2024 (04:30:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1463.v1

Hydroxycinnamic Acid Oligomers-Based Biostimulant Nurspray® Enhances Tomato Yield, Fruit Quality, and Reduces Blossom-End Rot

Lien González-Pérez, Eduardo Tejera

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: biostimulant; fruit quality; hydroxycinnamic acid oligomers; tomato

Online: 19 September 2024 (04:29:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1461.v1

Effect of Green Cowpea Manure on the Quality Properties of Sandy Soils Under the Specific Conditions of the Dry Climate in Romania

Reta Draghici, Ștefan Nanu, Aurelia Diaconu, Cristina Bîrsoghe, Florentina Netcu, Alina Nicoleta Paraschiv, Milica Dima

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: cowpea; green cowpea manure; crop rotation; fertilization system; soil chemical quality; soil hydrophysical indices

Online: 19 September 2024 (04:28:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1448.v1

Multi-Sensor Soil Probe and Machine Learning Modeling

Sabine Grunwald, MOF Murad, Stephen Farrington, Woody Wallace, Daniel Rooney

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: digital twin, digital soil mapping, soil sensors, multi-sensor system, digital soil core, machine learning, artificial intelligence, soil properties, scale

Online: 18 September 2024 (15:49:20 CEST)

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We present a data-driven, in situ proximal multi-sensor digital soil mapping approach to develop digital twins for multiple agricultural fields. A novel Digital Soil CoreTM (DSC) Probe was engineered that contains seven sensors, each of a distinct modality, including sleeve friction, tip force, dielectric permittivity, electrical resistivity, soil imagery, acoustics, and visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. The DSC System integrates components the DSC Probe, DSC software, and deployment equipment to sense soil characteristics at a high vertical spatial resolution (mm scale) along in situ soil profiles up to a depth of 120 cm in about 60 sec. The DSC Probe in situ proximal data are harmonized into a data cube providing vertical high-density knowledge associated with physical-chemical-biological soil conditions. In contrast, conventional ex situ soil samples derived from soil cores, soil pits, or surface samples analyzed using laboratory and other methods are bound by substantially coarser spatial resolution and multiple compounding errors. Our objective was to investigate the effects of mismatched scale between high-resolution in situ proximal sensor data and coarser resolution ex situ soil laboratory measurements to develop soil prediction models. Our study was conducted in central California soil in almond orchards. We collected DSC sensor data and spatially co-located soil cores that were sliced into narrow layers for laboratory-based soil measurements. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) cross-validation was used to compare results testing four data integration methods. Method A reduced the high-resolution sensor data to discrete values paired with layer-based soil laboratory measurements. Method B used stochastic distributions of sensor data paired with layer-based soil laboratory measurements. Method C allocated the same soil analytical data to each one of the high-resolution multi-sensor data within a soil layer. Method D linked the high-density multi-sensor soil data directly to crop responses (crop performance and behavior metrics) bypassing costly laboratory soil analysis. Overall, the soil models derived from Method C outperformed Methods A and B. Soil predictions derived using Method D were most cost-effective for directly assessing soil-crop relationships, making this method well-suited for industrial-scale precision agriculture applications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1416.v1

Cultivating Health: Advancing Medicinal Plant Management Strategies in Iraq

Mahir Essa Jumaa Alsalahi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Traditional Medicine; Mesopotamian Civilization; Biodiversity; Ethno botany; Environmental Challenges; Herbal Remedies; Plant Compounds; International Trade

Online: 18 September 2024 (13:04:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1404.v1

The Impact of the Lighting Regimen and Feeding Program during Rearing on Hy-Line Brown Pullets at the End of Rearing and, During Early Lay

Wendy Isabelle Muir, Yeasmin Akter, Sebastian K.Y. Kho, Kenneth Bruerton, Peter John Groves

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: food restriction; reduced lighting; egg quality; egg production; body weight; feed intake; age of first egg; growth; photoperiod

Online: 18 September 2024 (12:43:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1248.v1

Antifungal Activity of Citrus Essential Oil in Controlling Sour Rot in Tahiti Acid Lime Fruits

Vanessa Santos Moura, Lara Dias Orlandin, Beatriz Saraiva Mariano, Josiane Rodrigues, Fernando Trevizan Devite, FERNANDO ALVES DE AZEVEDO, Marines Bastianel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: natural fungicides; post-harvest; biocontrol; agricultural sutainaibility

Online: 16 September 2024 (14:35:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1184.v1

Patho-Ecological Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in Malbhog Banana Belts of India

Anisha Baruah, Popy Bora, T. Damodaran, Bishal Saikia, Muthukumar. M., Prakash Patil, Ashok Kumar Bhattacharyya, Ankita Saikia, Alok Kumar, Sangeeta Kumari, Juri Talukdar, Utpal Dey, Shenaz Sultana Ahmed, Naseema Rahman, Bharat Chandra Nath, Ruthy Tabing, Sandeep Kumar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Fusarium wilt; Malbhog banana; India; Diversity analysis; Molecular characterization; Polymorphism; Race; AMOVA

Online: 16 September 2024 (10:17:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1110.v1

How Accurately Topsoil Texture Is Shown on Agricultural Soil Maps? A Case Study of Eleven Fields Located in Poland

Michał Stępień, Dariusz Gozdowski, Stanisław Samborski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: agricultural soil maps; soil texture class; agronomic category; purity; averaged agreement

Online: 14 September 2024 (10:13:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1114.v1

Assessing the Pathogenicity of Berkeleyomyces rouxiae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Using a Rapid and Robust Seedling Screening Method

Andrew Chen, Duy P. Le, Linda J. Smith, Dinesh Kafle, Elizabeth A. B. Aitken, Donald M. Gardiner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Upland cotton; pathogenicity; fungal effectors; Fusarium wilt; black root rot; Secreted In Xylem effector genes; endophyte; Translation elongation factor-1 alpha subunit

Online: 14 September 2024 (08:49:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1066.v1

Nitrogen Assimilation, Biomass and Yield in Response to Application of Algal Extracts, Rhizobium sp. and Trichoderma asperellum, as Biofertilizers in Hybrid Maize

Sandra Pérez-Álvarez, Erick H. Ochoa-Chaparro, Julio César Anchondo-Páez, César M. Escobedo-Bonilla, Joel Rascón-Solano, Marco A. Magallanes-Tapia, Luisa Patricia Uranga-Valencia, Reinier Hernández-Campos, Esteban Sánchez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: algal extracts; biofertilizers; nitrogen assimilation; Rhizobium sp.; Trichoderma asperellum; Zea mays L.

Online: 13 September 2024 (08:46:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1030.v1

Unveiling the Nutrient Signatures in Corn (Zea Mays L.) Grains: A Pivotal Indicator of Yield Potential

Nour Ismail, Lotfi Khiari, and Rachid Daoud

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Nutrient Diagnosis Norms (NDN), Nutrient signature, Global nutrient imbalance index (GNII), High yielding subpopulation

Online: 12 September 2024 (15:41:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0883.v1

Development of Elite Mother Palms from the Best Performing Slow Vertical Growth Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Genotypes

Anitha Pedapati, Suresh K, Mathur RK, Ravichandran G, Naveen Kumar P, Bhagya H.P, Kalyana Babu B, Shankar Narayana K

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Genotypes; dura; oil palm; dwarf; mother palms

Online: 11 September 2024 (10:45:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0824.v1

Depicting of DNA Makeup of Spring Bread Wheat Genotypes Using SSR Markers and Their Association with Heat Tolerance

Md. Forhad Amin, Mohammad Nur Alam, Golam Faruq, Md. Mustafa Khan, Md. Mahbubur Rahman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Bread wheat; Fingerprinting; Genetic diversity; Heat tolerance; SSR marker

Online: 11 September 2024 (10:39:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0852.v1

Physiological and Transcriptomic Levels Reveal the Response Mechanism of Maize to Deep Sowing and the Mechanism of Exogenous MeJA to Alleviate Deep Sowing Stress

Fang Wang, Zhi Jin Feng, Xin Yi Yang, Guang Kuo Zhou, Yun Ling Peng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Maize; Exogenous methyl jasmonate; Deep sowing stress; Mitigation effect

Online: 11 September 2024 (10:16:00 CEST)

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Drought and water scarcity are significant factors limiting the development of China's maize industry. Deep sowing, as a method to mitigate drought and preserve soil moisture and seedlings, can effectively mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress on their growth. However, deep sowing can influence the emergence of maize seedlings and has a certain impact on their growth and development. To investigate the physiological and transcriptomic changes in maize inbred lines under deep sowing stress, and the alleviation effects of exogenous hormones, this study investigated the response of mesocotyl in deep-seeding tolerant maize inbred line Qi319 and deep-seeding sensitive maize inbred line Zi330 to deep-seeding stress under exogenous MeJA treatment. The physiological and transcriptomic mechanisms underlying the alleviation of deep-seeding stress by exogenous MeJA were elucidated. Results showed that compared to normal sowing depth, mesocotyl length (MES), mesocotyl and coleoptile length (MESCOL) significantly increased under deep-seeding stress for both inbred lines, while seedling length (SDL) was significantly inhibited. However, after adding 1.5 μmol·L^-1 MeJA, MES, MESCOL, and SDL significantly increased compared to deep-seeding stress alone. Exogenous MeJA promoted cell elongation, enhanced mesocotyl length, and improved seedling emergence ability. RNA-Seq sequencing revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Under deep-seeding stress compared to normal sowing depth conditions, 1248 DEGs were identified in Qi319 and 1288 DEGs were identified in Zi330. After adding exogenous MeJA under deep-seeding stress compared to normal sowing depth with exogenous MeJA treatment conditions, 538 DEGs were identified in Qi319 and 2284 DEGs were identified in Zi 330. GO enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in biological processes, cell components and molecular functions. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in transport and catabolism, signal transduction, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism processes. Compared with the deep-seeded treatment, 12 differentially expressed genes were co-expressed in the two inbred lines under exogenous MeJA treatment, and 10 key genes, including ornithine decarboxylase, terpene synthase 7 and ethylene reaction transcription factor 11, were screened out. Our findings elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying maize's tolerance response to deep seeding and offer valuable insights into candidate gene resources for improving deep seeding tolerance in maize.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0816.v1

Farmers’ Perception Assessment of Water and Agronomic Management in Rice Irrigation Schemes in Togo

Alfassassi Arouna, Israel K. Dzomeku, Abdul-Ganiyu Shaibu, Abdul Rahman Nurudeen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: evaluation; agronomic practices; irrigation water management; rice irrigation schemes; Togo

Online: 10 September 2024 (13:22:20 CEST)

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This paper assessed rice farmers' perceptions of agricultural and irrigation practices through their choices. A survey was carried out among 278 rice farmers on five irrigation schemes in three agro-ecological zones of Togo, viz. the savannah region, the forest region and the coastal region. The sample of random respondents was selected from a list of rice farmers provided by the managers of these irrigated schemes. Data collected through face-to-face interviews using kobocollect software were analyzed with R 4.2 software, and the Pearson test was validated at the 5% level. The results showed that the socio-economic characteristics of the rice growers, such as access to agricultural credit, experience, non-agricultural activities, membership of a rice growers' cooperative, gender, level of education and training in growing irrigated rice, and farm labor, significantly influenced the choice of agronomic practices and irrigation management. Characteristics such as experience, training and hired farm labor enhanced paddy yields, while access to agricultural credit was unproductive. Chemical clearing combined with stump removal, tiller ploughing, transplanting and high plant density are the agricultural practices that increased paddy yields, while tiller mudding and basal mineral fertilization were inefficient. In the same way, water distribution by demand, water depth above the soil of less than 5 cm, use of water-saving technologies and farmer's knowledge of how to improve water and fertilizer use-efficiency also helped to boost paddy yields. For sustainable rice production in the context of labor shortages and the financial resources required, future studies will focus on the effectiveness of motorized mudding and agricultural credits for rice farmers. Furthermore, considering the crucial role of training in the adopting of good agricultural and irrigation practices, future research will study strategies for wide diffusion of knowledge to rice producers.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0715.v1

Detrimental Effects of Abiotic Stress on Wheat and Its Management Techniques

Mohammad Nur Alam, Md. Zaherul Islam, Murad Ahmed Farukh, Zhulong Chan, Mst. Masuma Akhter, Md. Tanvir Abedin, Md. Monoar Hossain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Drought; Heat; Genes; Antioxidants; Salinity; Oxidative stress

Online: 10 September 2024 (12:54:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0749.v1

Path Analysis of Agro Technological Traits Associated with Sugar Yield in Different Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Monogerm Cultivars

Farhang Movloudi, Esmail Nabizadeh, Heydar Azizi, Reza Afshar, Saman Yazdanseta, Masoud Hashemi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Cause and effect relationships; Genetic correlation; Sugar Beet Final yield

Online: 10 September 2024 (12:06:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0781.v1

Utilising Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to Advance Sustainable Agriculture

Piao Yang, Abraham Condrich, Sean Scranton, Camina Hebner, Ling Lu, Muhammad Azam Ali

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: PGPR; IPM; Sustainable agriculture; Biofertilizer; Biopesticide; Plant fitness tetrahedron

Online: 10 September 2024 (09:39:25 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0723.v1

Barley Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Responses to PEG-Induced Drought Stress

Matthew Davidson-Willis, Guoqi Wen, Bahram Samanfar, Raja Khanal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: barley; drought stress; seed germination

Online: 10 September 2024 (08:12:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0657.v1

Unraveling the Genomic Landscape and Stress Responses of Cowpea Thaumatin-Like Proteins: A Comprehensive Analysis

Carolline de Jesús-Pires, José Ribamar Costa Ferreira-Neto, Roberta Lane de Oliveira-Silva, Jéssica Barboza da Silva, Manassés Daniel da Silva, Antonio Felix da Costa, Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: PR-5 gene family; osmotin-like; TLPs; Vigna unguiculata; zeamatin

Online: 9 September 2024 (14:07:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0617.v1

Colchicine-Induced Double Haploid Production of Spring Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) via Wheat × Maize Hybridization

Md. Forhad Amin, Mohammad Nur Alam, Golam Faruq, Md. Mustafa Khan, Md. Mahbubur Rahman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Colchicine; Conventional breeding method; Double haploid; Spring bread wheat; wheat ×; maize hybridization

Online: 9 September 2024 (08:42:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0577.v1

Effect of Total Nitrogen Once Applied at Different Leaf Age Stages on Yield Traits of Dense Planted Dry Direct Seeding Rice

Zhipeng Xing, Dihui Fu, Jie Zhao, Feiyang Chen, Minmin Sun, Hongcheng Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: nitrogen; applied time; leaf age; dense planted; yield; direct seeding rice

Online: 9 September 2024 (07:01:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0506.v1

Locating QTLs Controlling the Yield-Related Traits in Perennial Chinese Rice "Shendao3^#"

Yuxin Yan, Junyi Gong, Jiuyan Lu, Lin Tan, Ming Li, Xiaojian Qin, Wenbing Nan, Tingshen Peng, Yongshu Liang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: perennial Chinese rice"Shendao3^#", QTLs for yield-related trait; pleiotropic QTLs

Online: 9 September 2024 (04:44:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0499.v1

Trichoderma: Harzianum Complex Clade Species in Soils of Central and South America: Revision and Distribution

Adnan Ismaiel, Prashant P. Jambhulkar, Parimal Sinha, Dilip K. Lakshman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: biocontrol agent; biofertilizer; sustainable agriculture; Trichoderma species; Harzianum Complex Clade

Online: 6 September 2024 (09:40:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0279.v1

A Comprehensive Analysis with Machine Learning Algorithm and IoT Integration in Hydroponic Vegetable System for Nu-trition Management of Plants/Crops

Palash Gourshettiwar, KTV Reddy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Hydoponics; Machine Learning; IoT

Online: 5 September 2024 (07:02:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0304.v1

Analysis of Associated Woody and Semi-woody Local Wild Species in Entre Ríos, Argentina: Exploring the Agricultural Potential of Hexachlamys edulis

Ignacio Sebastián Povilonis, Miriam Elisabet Arena, Marta Alonso, Silvia Radice

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: native forest; biodiversity; multivariate analysis; agroforestry; Myrtaceae

Online: 4 September 2024 (12:11:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0226.v1

Advancements in Hydroponics: A Review of Machine Learning and IoT Innovations

Palash Gourshettiwar, KTV Reddy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: hydroponics; machine learning; smart agriculture; IoT

Online: 3 September 2024 (11:54:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0227.v1

Identification of Candidate Genes for Cold Tolerance at Seedling Stage by GWAS in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Qingxin Song, Janlong Xu, Huimin Shi, Wenyu Zhang, Huimin Cao, Laiyuan Zhai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: rice; GWAS; cold tolerance; candidate genes; favorable haplotype

Online: 3 September 2024 (11:50:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0179.v1

Growth Curve Models and Clustering Techniques for the Study of New Sugarcane Hybrids: An Integrated Approach with K-Means, K-Medoids, and DBSCAN

Carlos David Carretillo Moctezuma, María Guzmán Martínez, Flaviano Godínez Jaimes, José Concepción García Preciado, Ramón Reyes Carreto, José Torrones Salgado, Edgar Pérez Arriaga

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Growth curves; clustering; varieties; sucrose percentage

Online: 3 September 2024 (10:59:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0131.v1

Hops Across Continents: Exploring How Terroir Transforms the Aromatic Profiles of Five Hop (Humulus lupulus) Varieties Grown in Their Countries of Origin and in Brazil

Marcos Edgar Herkenhoff, Oliver Brödel, Marcus Frohme

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Humulus lupulus; aromatic profile, terroir impact; volatile compounds; HS-SPME/GC-MS

Online: 2 September 2024 (16:06:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0014.v1

Impact of Temperature on Podding in Faba Bean (Vicia faba)

Bill K Manning, Richard Trethowan, Kedar N. Adhikari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: flowering time; heat stress; podset; optimum temperature; flower abortion

Online: 2 September 2024 (13:21:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0005.v1

A Multi-year Investigation of Forchlorfenuron Effect on Fruit Quality in A. chinensis var. chinensis

Giovanni Mian, Michele Consolini, Antonio Cellini, Andrea Strano, Tommaso Mangoni, Marco Mastroleo, Irene Donati, Francesco Spinelli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Brix; CPPU; fruit weight; firmness; kiwifruit; post-harvest

Online: 2 September 2024 (13:09:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0033.v1

Effect of Plant Extracts on Characteristics of Growth Promotion in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Ei Ei, Hyun Hwa Park, Yong In Kuk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: antioxidative enzyme; growth promotion; plant extracts; rice; secondary metabolites

Online: 2 September 2024 (08:51:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2228.v1

Bio-Char for Agriculture and Environmental Remediation: With Special Focus in Ethiopia: A Review

Daniel Manore, Tewodros Ayalew, Shimelis Raji

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: agriculture; bio-char; carbon; environment; remediation; food security; sustainability

Online: 30 August 2024 (11:06:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2199.v1

Picolinamide Fungicides for Controlling Cercospora-Leaf Spot (CLS) of Sugar Beet

Akos Ferenc Biró, Andy J Leader, Andrea Hufnagl, Gábor Kukorelli, Zoltán Molnár

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: fungicides; new fungicides; picolinamides; fenpicoxamid; florylpicoxamid; Cercospora beticola; CERCBE

Online: 30 August 2024 (10:58:29 CEST)

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Studies were initiated to find new effective fungicides to use under field conditions to identify novel options for improved disease management in sugar beet. Cercospora-leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet, caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc., is a major foliar disease of sugar beet in all sugar beet growing areas, worldwide. The disease is now dominant in almost all sugar beet growing areas of Europe, including Hungary. The epidemic spread of this disease can cause up to 50% yield loss. The use of fungicides has been being an integral part of the control of CLS of sugar beet, due to lack of efficacy from non-chemical alternatives. In recent decades, the emergence of resistant strains in C. beticola Sacc. populations have reduced the efficacy of some fungicides (Quinoine inside Inhibitors (QoI) – FRAC Group 11; and DeMethylation-Inhibitors (DMI) – FRAC Group 3) because of repeated use over many uears. Resistance of CLS to fungicides belonging to different groups of active substances has been described in many countries of the world, including Hungary. The picolinamides are a new distinct group of fungal respiration inhibitors (Inhibition of Complex III) belonging to Quinoine inside Inhibitors (QiI). Two novel fungicides from the group of picolinamides (Qil – FRAC Group 21) – fenpicoxamid and florylpicoxamid– were tested and evaluated over two seasons, in vegetation period of 2020 and 2021 for controlling CLS of sugar beet in Hungary. Both fungicides were applied as straight formulated products at a range of dose rates, and they showed very effective control of CLS compared to the untreated control check plots and the reference fungicide product difenoconazole. The results consistently showed all tested dose rates of fenpicoxamid and florylpicoxamid provided effective control against CLS of sugar beet in addition to a clear dose response curve. Disease severity, in terms of area under the disease progress curve values (AUDPC), was significantly correlated with yield decrease, while no significant context existed between disease severity and sugar content of the roots. Additionally, the results showed in two investigated years, the efficacy of both picolinamide fungicides applied at 75 g ai/ha provided significantly better % control on CLS of sugar beet than the DMI fungicide difenoconazole applied at 100 g ai/ha dose rate. Fenpicoxamid is already registered in Europe in cereals and label extension is planned in sugar beet and other crops. Florylpicoxamid is not yet registered in Europe but is beginning to be approved in countries across the globe in a range of crops and is continuously under evaluation for potential markets.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2151.v1

Combining Ability of Capsicum annuum Hybrid for Antioxi-Dant Activities, Polyphenol Content, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory, Yield, and Yield Components

Muhamad Syukur, Awang Maharijaya, Waras Nurcholis, Arya Widura Ritonga, Arya Yuda Pangestu, Andi Nadia Nurul Lathifa Hatta, Muhammad Ridha Alfarabi Istiqlal, Abdul Hakim, Zulfikar Damaralam Sahid

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: α -glucosidase inhibition; antioxidant; combining ability; heterotic effect; polyphenol content

Online: 30 August 2024 (10:56:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2178.v1

Plant Density and Location: Optimization of Growth and Quality of Cut Sunflower in Tropical and Subtropical Environments

Tuane Carlesso Tomasi, Lucas Coutinho Reis, Tiago Ledesma Taira, Jackeline Schultz Soares, Regina Tomiozzo, Lilian Osmari Uhlmann, Nereu Augusto Streck, José Carlos Sorgato

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Helianthus annuus L; Plant population; Tropics; Subtropics; Floriculture

Online: 29 August 2024 (17:07:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2172.v1

Efficient Regeneration of Transgenic Rice from Embryogenic Callus via Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation: A Case Study using GFP and Apple MdFT1 Genes

Van Giap Do, Seonae Kim, Nay Myo Win, Soon-Il Kwon, Hunjoong Kweon, Sangjin Yang, Juhyeon Park, Gyungran Do, Youngsuk Lee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: genetic transformation; Agrobacterium-mediated transformation; embryogenic callus; transgenic rice; eGFP reporter gene; MdFT1 gene; heterologous expression

Online: 29 August 2024 (13:19:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2150.v1

Development of Bio-Products to Enhance Growth-Promoting and Disease Control of Economic Plants

Wilawan Chuaboon, Dusit Athinuwat

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Beneficial bacteria; plant growth promoting

Online: 29 August 2024 (12:19:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2083.v1

Olive Growing Farming System and Damage by Cicadas

Ramón González-Ruiz, Valentina Cueva-López, María Sainz-Pérez, Francisco Cuesta Cocera, Antonio García-Fuentes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Olea europaea; olive growing; biodiversity; herbaceous adventitious covers; mixed green 23 covers; cicadas; Cicada barbara; Cicadidae; organic farming system

Online: 29 August 2024 (10:40:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2108.v1

Step-by-Step Development of a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) Assay for Sex Identification in Papaya

José Guadalupe Ávila-Hernández, Alejandro Coreño-Alonso, Mario Alberto Pantoja-Alonso, Francisco Javier Córdoba-Andrade, Alberto Camas-Reyes, Agustino Martínez-Antonio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Recombinase polymerase amplification; Carica papaya L.; isothermal amplification; molecular sexing; hermaphrodite

Online: 29 August 2024 (08:30:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2122.v1

Essential Oils as an Antifungal Alternative to Control Cladosporium spp., Lasiodiplodia spp., Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. Isolated of Musa paradisiaca

Ruiz-Medina Maritza D., Jenny Ruales

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Origanum vulgare; Salvia rosmarinus; Syzygium aromaticum; Thymus; Ocimum basilicum; Cinnamomum

Online: 29 August 2024 (08:28:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1970.v1

Assessment of Chemical and Biological Fungicides for the Control of Diplodia mutila Causing Wood Necrosis in Hazelnut

Verónica Retamal, Juan San Martín, Braulio Ruíz, Richard M. Bastías, Eugenio Sanfuentes, María José Lisperguer, Tommaso De Gregorio, Matteo Maspero, Ernesto A. Moya-Elizondo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Corylus avellana L.; fungal trunk disease; fungicides; biocontrol agents; Pseudomonas protegens ChC7; Bacillus subtilis QST 713

Online: 28 August 2024 (12:28:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2049.v1

RNAi-based Approaches to Control Mycotoxin Producers: Challenges and Perspectives

Alexander A. Stakheev, Michael Taliansky, Natalia O. Kalinina, Sergey K. Zavriev

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: RNA interference; double-stranded RNAs; plant protection; mycotoxins; Fusarium; Aspergillus; HIGS; SIGS

Online: 28 August 2024 (11:45:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2022.v1

Application of Pyroligneous Acid as a Plant Growth Stimulant can Improve the Nutritional Value of Soybean Seed

Randi Noel, Michael J. Schueller, James Guthrie, Richard A Ferrieri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Growth stimulant; Pyroligneous acid; Soybean; Seed nutritional content

Online: 28 August 2024 (10:52:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1987.v1

Essential Oils as an Antifungal Alternative to Control Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp. and Aspergillus spp.

Maritza Ruiz-Medina, Jenny Ruales

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: oregano; Origanum; rosemary; Salvia rosmarinus; clove; Syzygium aromaticum; thyme; Thymus; basil; Ocimum basilicum; cinnamon Cinnamomum

Online: 28 August 2024 (10:39:26 CEST)

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Essential oils oregano (Origanum vulgare), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), thyme (Thymus), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), basil (Ocimum basilicum), have antifungal properties. This study evaluated its ability to inhibit growth of isolated fungi and purified obtained from the rot of the banana peel, for the purpose of combating or inhibiting fungal growth in bananas (Musa paradisiaca). The methodology consists in preparing the dilutions to inoculate on PDA medium (Potato Dextrose Agar) amended with chloramphenicol to re-inoculate until obtaining the isolated and purified fungi of Trichoderma spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp., which are characterized macroscopically and microscopically, subsequently, the growth is analyzed in vivo and the inhibition percentage in vitro. The results of the analysis in vivo report that the fungi in order of severity from greatest to least, was Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp, Fusarium spp. y Aspergillus spp., while that the analysis in vivo reports that the rosemary and the basil does not inhibit fungal growth, while that the clove inhibit a 800 ppm, the cinnamon to 400 ppm and the oregano to 200 ppm to the four fungi. -2077601433541Citation: To be added by editorial staff during production. Academic Editor: Firstname Lastname Received: date Revised: date Accepted: date Published: date Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).00Citation: To be added by editorial staff during production. Academic Editor: Firstname Lastname Received: date Revised: date Accepted: date Published: date Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1888.v1

Molecular Mechanism and Signal Transduction of Resistance to Low-Temperature Stress Induced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GL18 in Avena sativa

Lan Chen, Tian Wang, Ying Zhang, Yongli Xie, Feifei Chang, Lingling Wu, Ying Gao, Junxi Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: low-temperature stress; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; ‘ Qingyan 1’ ; transcriptome; signal transduction pathway analysis

Online: 27 August 2024 (15:34:47 CEST)

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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GL18 has been proven to have good resistance ability and can promote the growth of Avena sativa cultivar ‘Qingyan 1’. Herein, Illumina high-throughput transcriptome sequencing technology was used to analyze the differential expression of genes between the interaction group (LB) and the control group (LCK) when ‘Qingyan 1’ roots interacted with GL18 bacterial suspension or sterile water for 12 h under 4 °C low-temperature stress. The gene function annotation information was obtained using Gene Ontology (GO) functional classification and enrichment analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and annotation of differentially expressed genes was used to explore the related signal transduction pathway of ‘Qingyan 1’ response to cold stress induced by Bacillus GL18. The results showed that after ‘Qingyan 1’ seedlings interacted with GL18 bacterial suspension or sterile water for 12 h, comparing the LB with the LCK or CK (the control group at 26 °C), there were 12,061 and 25,489 differentially expressed genes, respectively. Their functions were mainly related to metabolic process, cellular process, catalytic activity, binding, and cellular parts, and they were significantly enriched in plant tissue growth and development, cell wall, organelle membrane synthesis, thiamine and its compounds, biosynthesis, polyamine decomposition, and other metabolic processes. Signal transduction was detected through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and corresponding genes, such as AUXI, PP2C, SNRK2, ABF, BRI1, and PIF4, were expressed. The expression of genes directly involved in plant growth was upregulated in the presence of GL18, as shown by real-time quantitative PCR analysis. It was speculated that the normal growth and development of ‘Qingyan 1’ under low-temperature stress promoted by GL18 is a result of the integration of multiple pathways in terms of regulating endogenous hormone metabolism, secondary metabolite synthesis, and photosynthesis.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1891.v1

Research on Evolutionary Algorithm for Soybean Seedling and Weed Identification Driven by Computational Complexity

Shuyang Yan, Yaling Lu, Tianyi Li, Yi Rong, Zhen Huang, Zhigang Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: soybean seedling weeds; weeds identification; data augmentation; computational complexity driven; evolutionary model; few-shot learning

Online: 27 August 2024 (11:41:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1777.v1

Influence of Harvesting Stage on the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Activity of Immature Ceratonia siliqua L. Pulp from Béni-Mellal-Khenifra Region, Morocco: In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Approaches

Salah Laaraj, Hanane Choubbane, Aziz Tikent, Amal Elrherabi, Ayoub Farihi, Meriem Laaroussi, Mohamed Bouhrim, Abdelaaty A. Shahat, Younes Noutfia, Rashed N. Herqash, Fatiha Chigr, Souad Salmaoui, Kaoutar Elfazazi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: immature carob pulp; phytochemical compounds; antioxidant activity; in silico; in vitro and in vivo studies; antidiabetic agent

Online: 26 August 2024 (16:51:23 CEST)

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Ceratonia siliqua L. is a medicinal plant that has long been used in traditional Moroccan medicine to treat many diseases. This study aimed to assess the impact of the stages of the immature phase of carob pulp (M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5) on phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antidiabetic activity of Ceratonia siliqua L. The identification of the phenolic profile by HPLC-UV/MS-MS and the study of the antidiabetic effect by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies were carried out for extracts with a high content of phenolic compounds from immature wild carob pulp from the communes of Timoulit (TM), Bin Elouidane (AW), and Ouaouizerth (TG) in the province of Azilal in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region. The results revealed a gradual increase in total sugar content over the pulp's ripening period, reaching a value of 2134 ±56.23 mg GE/100 g fresh matter (FM) for TG. The three locations showed peak values for total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total condensed tannin (TCT) at the M2 stage. AW has the highest concentrations of TPC (3819 ± 226.4 mg GAE/100 g FM), TFC (1034 ± 57.08 mg QE/100 g FM), and TCT (1472 ± 28.46 mg CE/100 g FM). The DPPH assay (7892 ± 296.1 mg TE/100 g FM) and the FRAP assay (278.2 ± 7.85 mg TE/100 g FM) both demonstrate that the TG zone is a highly potent antioxidant zone. In contrast, the AW site exhibits a markedly elevated value of 725.4 ± 103.6 mg TE/100 g FM in the ABTS assay. HPLC-UV-MS/MS analysis showed that the methanolic extracts of immature carob pulp (MEICP) from the three areas contained several different chemical compounds. The most prevalent were 3-O-p-coumaroyl-5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, quercetin 3-methyl ether, gallic acid, and galloylquinic acid. Immature carob pulp extract. (ICPE) from AW showed the strongest in vitro inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase (IC50 = 0.405 µg/mL) and TG extracts were most potent against intestinal α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.063 µg/mL). In vivo, AW, TG, and TM extracts significantly reduced postprandial glycemia in rats, with AW having the greatest effect. These results highlight the antidiabetic potential of ICPE. The 3-O-p-Coumaroyl-5-O-caffeoylquinic acid showed a better affinity for α-amylase compared to acarbose and interacted significantly with several amino acid residues of the enzyme. Similarly, this molecule and 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid demonstrated a strong affinity for α-glucosidase, suggesting their potential as natural inhibitors of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Most of the compounds are not substrates of P-glycoprotein and exhibit high intestinal absorption. Furthermore, the majority of these compounds do not act as inhibitors or substrates of CYP450 enzymes, reinforcing their suitability for development as oral medications. These results underscore the potential of immature carob pulp as a promising antidiabetic agent.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1878.v1

Effect of Supplemental Light for Leaves Development and Seed Oil Content in Brassica napus

Xingying Yan, Wenqin Bai, Taocui Huang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Brassica napus; Light quatity-mediated; Leaves phenotypic; Seed oil content; Transcriptome

Online: 26 August 2024 (15:20:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1800.v1

Growth Of Brachiaria Decumbens Stapf Biofertilized With Rhizophagus Intraradices, Azospirillum Brasilense And Foliar Application Of Homobrassinolide In Nursery

José Carlos Ibarra-Puón, Juan Francisco Aguirre-Medina, Margarita Tadeo-Roblero, Guadalupe Rodríguez, Deb Raj-Arial, René Pinto-Ruiz, Roberto Omar Castaneda-Arriola

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizae; Homobrassinolide; Yield components.

Online: 26 August 2024 (11:55:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1830.v1

Lipopeptides Produced by Bacillus spp.: Detection of Genes and Meta-analysis of Their Activity Against Phytopathogenic Fungi

Nubia Noemi Cob-Calan, Marcos Enrique Cua-Basulto, Wilber Hernández-Montiel, Rosa Yazmin Us-Camas, Arturo Reyes-Ramírez, Dany A. Dzib-Cauich, Jairo Cristóbal-Alejo, Esau Sanchez-Ruiz, Emanuel Hernández-Núñez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: lipopeptides; Bacillus sp; iturin A; fengycin; surfactin

Online: 26 August 2024 (11:30:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1778.v1

Sucrose and Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Leaf Extracts as Natural Additives to Prolong the Vase Life of Rose (Rosa × hybrida) Cut Flowers

Marjune T. Telebrico, Alan A. Bendanillo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Leaf Extracts; Sucrose; Rose (Rosa x hybrida); Natural Farming

Online: 26 August 2024 (06:54:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1563.v1

Synergistic Effects of Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Nutrient Management on Stevia Yield and Quality in Hydroponic Culture

nasrin sadat Seyedmohammadi, Morteza Barmaki, Mahdi Davari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Medicinal plant, Cultivation substrate, biofertilizers, Nutrient use efficiency

Online: 21 August 2024 (18:22:57 CEST)

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Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a perennial herb, has garnered significant attention for its diterpene glycosides, natural sweeteners approximately 250 to 300 times sweeter than sucrose. These glycosides, concentrated in the plant's leaves, not only serve as a low-calorie alternative to traditional sweeteners but also exhibit notable antimicrobial properties, making Stevia a promising candidate for both the food and pharmaceutical industries. In order to study the effect of mycorrhiza fungi on some growth characteristics of the stevia herb under inoculum conditions with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. The first factor was Imma & Angel and Novella nutrient solutions; the second was planting bed including leaf composts, vermicompost, and biolan (peat & perlite); and third factor involved inoculation with mycorrhiza (Glomus Musea). The control fungi indicated that the highest percentage of stevioside (16.45%) was related to vermicompost planting bed under conditions of invocation with mycorrhizal in harvest for the Imma and Angel nutrient solution. The maximum percentage of Rebaudioside A (7.57%) was related to vermicompost planting bed under conditions of invocation with mycorrhizal in harvest for the Novella nutrient solution. Further, the greatest levels of Rebaudioside C were obtained under the same conditions, with the difference that in the case of this glycoside, the leaf composts planting bed showed a higher percentage. Then, the highest leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, and number of main branches were obtained for the Novella nutrient solution in vermicompost planting bed under inoculation with mycorrhiza. Finally, Mycorrhizal inoculation in vermicompost beds with the Novella nutrient solution resulted in the greatest plant height. Conversely, the Imma & Angel nutrient solution in leaf compost beds, when combined with mycorrhizal inoculation, produced the tallest plants. The positive impact of AMF on plant growth was evident in the quantitative and qualitative improvements observed across various measured parameters.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1543.v1

Analysis the Diversity of the rhizosphere microorganisms from Helichrysum arenarium(L.)Moench. and Screening of Growth-promoting Bacteria in Xinjiang, China

Xin Xiaoyan, Yong CHEN, Jianjun Xu, Wei He, Junhui Zhou, Jinyu Yang, Wenfang Luo, Xin Huang, juanli Wang, xuan Zhu, Suqin Song

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Helichrysum arenarium（L.）Moench.; Rhizosphere microorganisms; Community structure; Diversity; Growth-promoting bacteria; Xinjiang

Online: 21 August 2024 (11:41:44 CEST)

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Rhizosphere microorganisms can utilize nutrient resources in the rhizosphere efficiently, while rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria play a crucial role in regulating soil fertility and promoting plant health. In this study, we employed a combination of isolation, purification, identification of dominant microorganisms, and high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the main microbial groups and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of Helichrysum arenarium（L.）Moench. in Altay, Xinjiang，China. By isolating bacterial strains from the rhizosphere soil using a dilution coating method, we successfully obtained 43 strains. Subsequently, selective medium was utilized to screen for growth-promoting characteristics among these isolated strains from the rhizosphere soil of H. arenarium（L.）Moench.. The results obtained through high-throughput amplification sequencing revealed that the rhizosphere soil harbored diverse bacterial communities belonging to 35 phyla, 93 orders, 215 families, 324 genera and 231 species associated with H. arenarium（L.）Moench., as well as fungal communities consisting of 14 phyla ,47 orders ,96 families ,204 genera and 571 species. Among these bacterial communities identified, eight phyla exhibited relative abundances exceeding 1%, with Actinobacteriota being most predominant at an abundance rate of 41.30%. Additionally,five bacterial genera were found to have relative abundances exceeding 1% ,with Arenimicrobium_luteum being most abundant at 6.11% . Furthermore,four fungal phyla displayed relative abundances surpassing1 % ,with Ascomycota accounting for 67.21% of total fungal community composition.Finally,four fungal genera demonstrated relative abundances higher than 1% ,with Knufia representing 3.80% of total fungal community composition.The analysis on culturable bacteria's promotion activity within the rhizospheric soil indicated that two strains,S16and S29, exhibited the highest solubility index for inorganic phosphorus. However, it lacked the ability to dissolve organophosphorus and potassium. On the other hand, strains S7 and S10, which were screened, demonstrated nitrogen-fixing capabilities. Nine strains with excellent iron-bearing capacity were identified, with strain S16 exhibiting the highest D/d value and strongest iron-bearing capacity among them. Our findings revealed that 43 rhizosphere soil bacteria belonged to three genera. The ten growth-promoting bacteria were identified as Kocuria rosea, Priestia megaterium, Bacillus mobilis, B. bataviensis, B. mycoides (two strains), B. paramobilis, and Alcaligenes faecalis. This study provides a particular research basis for the influence of H. arenarium（L.）Moench. rhizosphere microorganisms on soil nutrient release and depicts a solution for improving the yield and quality cultivation of H. arenarium（L.）Moench. by isolating, screening, and identifying rhizosphere soil growth-promoting bacteria, including screening strains with growth-promoting functions and analyzing the population structure of rhizosphere and habitat soil in combination with high-throughput sequencing technology.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1502.v1

Enhancing Food Security through Data Insights: Exploring How Household Dietary Diversity Score and Spatial Visualization in Chilean Vulnerable Population Can Inform Food Governance

Martin del Valle M, Kirsteen Shields, Sofía Boza

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Chile; Food Security; Food Governance; Household Dietary Diversity Score; Spatial Visualization

Online: 21 August 2024 (00:19:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1452.v1

Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Genes Associated with Cotton Seed Size

Bing Jia, Pan Feng, Jikun Song, Caoyi Zhou, Yajie Wang, Bingbing Zhang, Man Wu, Jinfa Zhang, Quanjia Chen, Jiwen Yu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: upland cotton; seed size; RNA-seq; gene regulatory modules; GhUXS5

Online: 20 August 2024 (13:47:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1210.v1

Comparative Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Causes behind the Unique Aroma Formation of Mulberries (Morus macroura L. cv. ‘BaiChang’)

Chengchao Yang, Chengkun Yang, Jingjing Huang, Wengang Yu, Shuchang Wang, Huazhou Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: mulberry; volatile organic compounds; metabolome; RNA-seq

Online: 16 August 2024 (08:39:54 CEST)

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Mulberries is a type of fruit tree that is rich in nutrients and possesses both medicinal and dietary properties, deeply loved by consumers. The fragrance is a significant factor in the sensory quality of mulberries, playing a crucial role in consumer purchasing behavior. 'Baichang' mulberry is a unique variety of mulberry that emits a strong, creamy-like fragrance, which has enormous potential market value. However, the key metabolites and mechanisms responsible for the formation of this fragrance are still unclear. In this study, we utilized GC-MS technology and RNA-seq to examine the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and gene expression in 'Baichang' (Morus macroura) mulberries and 'Hongchang' (Morus laevigata) mulberries, the latter of which do not have a distinct fragrance. The results showed that 661 volatile metabolites were detected in both mulberry varieties. Most of these were found in higher relative amounts in the 'Baichang' mulberry variety, with 47 types being present only in the 'Baichang' mulberries, suggesting a rich composition of VOCs in the 'Baichang' mulberry. 312 metabolites were identified as differential metabolites; combining the sensory annotation information and relative content of VOCs, 70 candidate VOCs were annotated as related to the formation of 'sweet, waxy, coconut, and oily' sensations. They could potentially be the key metabolites contributing to the unique aroma of 'Baichang' mulberries. The relative odor activity value (rOAV) analysis revealed that 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-hexyldihydro- was the key VOC contributing to the formation of the special aroma of 'Baichang' mulberries. By RNA-seq, 19 key structural genes related to ester synthesis were identified, including AAT , ACX , ALDH, CYP, EHL, FAD, HPL, and LOX. The high expression of these structural genes in the "Baichang" mulberry fruit is the main reason for its unique creamy aroma. This study provides insights into the aroma differences among different kinds of mulberrie.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1071.v1

Pre-Crop and Residue Management Effects on Photosynthesis Efficiency and Grain Yield of Dryland Wheat Genotypes

Ramin Lotfi, Saber Golkari, Amin Abbasi, Reza Rahimzadeh, Arash Mohammadzadeh, Mohammad Pessarakli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Crop residue; Dryland Wheat; Grain Filling; Chlorophyll fluorescence

Online: 14 August 2024 (16:39:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0740.v2

Crop Growth Analysis Using Automatic Annotations and Transfer Learning in Multi-Date Aerial Images and Ortho-Mosaics

Shubham Rana, Salvatore Gerbino, Ehsan Akbari Sekehravani, Mario Brandon Russo, Petronia Carillo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: automatic annotation; grounding detection transformer with improved denoising anchor boxes (grounding DINO); segment anything model (SAM); grounded SAM; growth monitoring

Online: 14 August 2024 (12:41:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0999.v1

Visualizing Plant Responses: Novel Insights Possible through Affordable Imaging Techniques in the Greenhouse

Matthew M. Conley, Reagan W. Hejl, Desalegn D. Serba, Clinton F. Williams

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Turfgrass Research; Plant Phenotyping; Imagery; Consumer Camera; Cover Quantification; Color Analysis; Image Processing; Image Corrections; Agricultural Innovation

Online: 14 August 2024 (12:28:09 CEST)

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Global climatic pressures and increased human demands create a modern necessity for efficient and affordable plant phenotyping unencumbered by arduous technical requirements. The analysis and archival of imagery have become easier as modern camera technology and computers are leveraged. This facilitates the detection of vegetation status and changes over time. Using a custom lightbox, an inexpensive camera, and common software, turfgrass pots were photographed in a greenhouse environment over an 8-week experiment period. Subsequent imagery was analyzed for area of cover, color metrics, and sensitivity to image corrections. Findings were compared to active spectral reflectance data and previously reported measurements of visual quality, productivity, and water use. Results indicate that Red Green Blue-based (RGB) imagery with simple controls is sufficient to measure the effects of plant treatments. Notable correlations were observed for corrected imagery, including between a percent yellow color area classification segment (%Y) with human visual quality ratings (VQ) (R = -0.89), the dark green color index (DGCI) with clipping productivity in mg d-1 (mg) (R = 0.61), and an index combination term (COMB2) with water use in mm d-1 (mm) (R = -0.60). The calculation of green cover area (%G) correlated with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (R = 0.91) and its RED reflectance spectra (R = -0.87). A CIELAB b*/a* chromatic ratio (BA) correlated with Normalized Difference Red-Edge index (NDRE) (R = 0.90), and its Red-Edge (RE) (R = -0.74) reflectance spectra, while a new calculation termed HSVi correlated strongest to the Near-Infrared (NIR) (R = 0.90) reflectance spectra. Additionally, COMB2 significantly differentiated between the treatment effects of date, mowing height, deficit irrigation, and their interactions (p < 0.001). Sensitivity and statistical analysis of typical image file formats and corrections that included JPEG (JPG), TIFF (TIF), geometric lens correction (LC), and color correction (CC) were conducted. Results underscore the need for further research to support image corrections standardization and better connect image data to biological processes. This study demonstrates the potential of consumer-grade photography to capture plant phenotypic traits.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0964.v1

Agronomic Performance and Yield Stability of Elite White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Genotypes Grown in Multiple Environments in Nigeria

Alice Adenike Olatunji, Andrew Saba Gana, Kehinde D Tolorunse, Paterne A. Agre, Patrick Adebola, Asrat Asfaw

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: yam; Genetic variability; Principal component analysis (PCA); Heritability; Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI); Multi-trait stability index (MTSI)

Online: 14 August 2024 (07:21:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1008.v1

Yield Stability of Drought Tolerant Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Genotypes in Southern and West Hararghe, Ethiopia

Wedajo Gebre, Firew Mekbib, Alemu Tirfessa, Agdew Bekele

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: AMM₁ biplot; ASV; Yield stability index; cultivar superiority measure

Online: 14 August 2024 (03:45:08 CEST)

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A multi-environment evaluation of sorghum genotypes was conducted across six environments in the 2021 main growing season in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The objectives of the study were to estimate the magnitude of genotypes by environment interaction (GEI) and grain yield stability of drought-tolerant sorghum genotypes across different environments. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), and GGE biplot analysis. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant variations among genotypes, environments, and GEI for yield and yield-related traits, indicating that these factors significantly affected grain yield. The maximum mean grain yield value of genotypes due to the mean effect of the environment was obtained from G1 (5119.93kg ha-1), followed by G14 (4834.57 kg ha-1), and G18 (4801.20 ha-1), while the least mean grain yield was obtained from G3 (3314.50 kg ha-1). The multiplicative variance of the treatment sum of squares due to GEI was partitioned into four principal component axes (PCA). Sum squares of the first and second interaction principal component axis (IPCA) explained 71.07% and 17.50% of the GEI variation, respectively. The IPCA1&2 mean squares were highly significant (P≤0.01), indicating the adequacy of the AMMI model with the first two IPCAs for cross-validation of grain yield variation. The magnitude of the GEI sum squares was 3.9 times that of the genotype sum squares for grain yield, indicating the presence of substantial differences in genotypic responses across environments. The results of cultivar superiority measure (Pi), yield stability index (YSI), AMMI stability value (ASV), regression coefficient (bi), and deviation from regression (S2di) depicted that genotypes G18, G22, G31, and 32 were the most stable genotypes for grain yield and biomass yield, respectively. AMMI2 biplot showed Jinka, Alduba, and Kako were the most discriminating environments as indicated by the long distance from the origin; whereas testing locations Meioso and Gato with short vector length indicated that these locations had less discriminating power on the genotypes' performance. The study has provided precious information on the yield stability status of the sorghum genotypes and the best environments for future improvement programs in Ethiopia.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0972.v1

Biological Control of Lettuce Drop (Sclerotinia minor) Using Antagonistic Bacillus Species

Mariana Krasimirova Petkova, Milena Dimova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Lettuce; Bacillus spp.; biocontrol of white mould; Sclerotinia minor; biofertilizers

Online: 14 August 2024 (00:40:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0826.v1

Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of ABA and GA3 Treated Malbec Berries Reveals Insights into H₂O₂ Scavenging and Anthocyanin Dynamics

Germán Murcia, Rodrigo Alonso, Federico Berli, Leonardo Arias, Luciana Bianchimano, Mariela Pontin, Ariel Fontana, Jorge José Casal, Patricia Piccoli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: abscisic acid; gibberellic acid; grapevine; hydrogen peroxide; berry ripening; ROS

Online: 12 August 2024 (14:03:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0781.v1

Extracellular Enzymes of Soils under Different Tillage: Predicted Functional Potential and Actual Activity

Anastasia V. Teslya, Alexander V. Iashnikov, Daria V. Poshvina, Artyom A. Stepanov, Alexey S. Vasilchenko

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: organic; conventional; cropping system; soil fertility; soil health; soil quality; soil microbiome

Online: 12 August 2024 (10:08:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0768.v1

Appropriate Soil Fertilization or Drone-based Foliar Zn Spraying Can Simultaneously Improve Yield and Micronutrient (Particularly for Zn) Nutritional Quality of Wheat Grains

Xue Gao, Qiang Zhao, Nuo Yuan, Xiaojing Li, Bin Zhang, Yinghua Zhu, Lingan Kong, Zhaohui Wang, Haiyong Xia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: zinc; micronutrient; macronutrient; agronomic biofortification; compound fertilizer; drone technology; foliar spraying

Online: 12 August 2024 (09:46:21 CEST)

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To better understand effects of agronomic practices on yield-nutrition relationships in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains for Zn biofortification while improving yields simultaneously, effects of different soil fertilization and different drone-based foliar spraying treatments were investigated. The mixture of Zn or increasing N but simultaneously reducing P in compound fertilizers were all practical to increase grain yields and Zn concentrations in calcareous soils tested. However, the overall effects are limited, with a maximal yield increase by only 7.0% and a maximal increase of the grain Zn density from 19.4 to 27.0 mg/kg, which is far below the target biofortification value of 40-50 mg/kg. Unfortunately, there was a negative side effect, which decreased Fe and Mn concentrations and the Fe bioavailability. Notably, grain yields and Zn concentrations were significantly increased by drone-based foliar Zn sprayings from 7.5 to 8.6~8.8 t/ha by 12.0-17.3% and from 33.5 to 41.9~43.6 mg/kg by 25.1~30.1%, respectively, indicating a double-win in yield and nutrition. A spraying of ZnSO4·7H2O increased grain Zn concentrations and accumulation more so than ZnO, indicating the importance of chemical Zn forms in determining the effectiveness of foliar spraying. Moreover, foliar Zn sprayings simultaneously increased grain concentrations and accumulation of Fe, Mn and Cu, demonstrating multiple benefits. There were positive correlations between Zn and Fe, Mn or Cu, indicating synergistic but not antagonistic interactions. Compared to micronutrients, concentrations of grain macro- and medium nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) were less affected. Thus, a double-win in grain yields and micronutrient (particulaly for Zn) nutrition could be effectively achieved through appropriate soil fertilization and foliar Zn spraying. These results provide a better understanding of the yield-nutrition relationship among wheat grain yields, Zn and other nutrient elements for a better integrated manipulation to achieve a win-win situation in yield and nutrition.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0716.v1

Influence of Flow Channel Structural Parameters on the Hy-draulic Performance and Anti–clogging Performance of Variable Flow Emitters

Peining Niu, Yan Mo, Baolin Yao, Zongze Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: subsurface drip irrigation; variable flow emitter; flow index; particle passage rate; minimize

Online: 10 August 2024 (17:11:06 CEST)

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Variable flow emitters are a new type of emitter for underground drip irrigation that are used in locations where soil moisture is difficult to transport to the surface, which leads to crop emer-gence difficulties. The flow channel structure parameters of emitters affect the hydraulic per-formance of the emitter and its anticlogging ability. In this study, the variable flow emitter at the conventional low–flow water supply stage is taken as the research object. A combination of CFD numerical simulation of a two–phase flow of water and sand and clear water testing of test samples is applied to study the influence laws of 10 groups of variable flow emitter structural combinations on the effluent flow rate (q), flow index (x), particle passage rate and flow field inside the flow channel. The results show that the Realizable k–ε turbulence model can be used to simulate the flow field inside the variable flow emitter flow channel. The nRMSE between the measured and simulated values of q is 11.23%, and the relative error between the measured and simulated values of x is 4.66%, which gives a high simulation accuracy. The polar analysis shows that the tooth angle A has the smallest effect on the effluent flow rate q0.1 under 0.1 MPa, x, and particle passage rate of the variable flow emitter. The depth of the flow channel D, the spacing of the teeth B, and the height of the teeth E have a different order of precedence in the influence of the three indices, which are D > B > E > A, B > E > D > A, and E > B > D > A, respectively. The value of particle passage rate is positively correlated with the mean flow velocity (v) and the mean turbulent kinetic energy (k) in the flow channel, and particle passage rate tends to increase and then decrease with the increase of x. The retention time (t) of the particles in the flow channel is closely related to the magnitude of v and k. Three multivariate linear regression equations (R2 = 0.883 ~ 0.995) were constructed for q0.1, x, and particle passage rate versus the flow channel structural parameters. Using the scipy.optimize.minimize function in Python, we de-termined the three optimal combinations of flow channel structural parameters corresponding to better hydraulic performance: q0.1 is 1.5 or 2 L/h (objective function y = min x), better clogging resistance (y = max particle passage rate), and both (y = min (0.5 x - 0.5 particle passage rate)). The research results can provide a ref-erence for the optimal design of variable flow emitters.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0571.v1

Analysis of Parents and F1 Progenies Verification in African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst. Ex. A. Rich.) Harms Using Cowpea SSR Markers.

Abimbola Olajumoke Adefiranye, Liasu Adebayo Ogunkanmi, Oyenike Arike Adeyemo, Temitope Esther Shonde Olatunde, Rajneesh Paliwal, Michael T. Abberton, Olaniyi A. Oyatomi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: African yam bean; sub-Saharan Africa; cowpea SSR markers; biparental crossings; drought tolerance

Online: 8 August 2024 (12:09:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0574.v1

Residue Addition Can Mitigate Soil Health Challenges with Climate Change in Drylands: Insights from a Field Warming Experiment in Semi-arid Texas

Pawan Devkota, Rakesh K Singh, Nicholas G Smith, Lindsey C Slaughter, Natasja C van Gestel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: soil warming; Open top chambers; Climate Change; Soil Carbon Dynamics; Microbial Biomass Carbon; Soil Management; Semi-arid environment; Regenerative Agriculture

Online: 8 August 2024 (08:49:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0523.v1

Analysis of Aromatic Fraction of Sparkling Wine Manufactured by Second Fermentation and Aging in Bottle Using Different Types of Closures

Patricia Jové, Glòria Mateu-Figueras, Jessica Bustillos, Martín Fernández Jose Antonio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: sparkling wine; second fermentation; aging; aroma compounds; compositional data; log-ratio; MANOVA

Online: 7 August 2024 (14:23:38 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0496.v1

Prediction of Yield Spatial Variability within Vineyard Based on DIGIVIT Mobile App

Salvatore Filippo Di Gennaro, Riccardo Dainelli, Leandro Rocchi, Piero Toscano, Giorgia Orlandi, Luca Pietrantuono, Najwane Hamie, Alessandro Matese

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Precision Viticulture; bunch segmentation; image analysis; Sentinel-2; yield mapping; vineyard management

Online: 7 August 2024 (10:29:32 CEST)

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The viticulture sector, spanning over 7.3 million hectares worldwide, plays a crucial economic role but faces challenges such as labor shortages, rising production costs, market competition, and climate change stresses. Addressing these issues requires monitoring the spatial and temporal variability in vineyard productivity. Traditional ground-based observations, though accurate, are time-consuming and limited in scope. Precision viticulture, leveraging technologies like GPS, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence, offers efficient, non-destructive monitoring tools. This study aims to develop and test a technological workflow using the mobile app Digivit, integrated with the AgroSat platform, to estimate yield variability in vineyards. The workflow was performed during the 2023 growing season in a series of vineyards near Siena (Italy) and involved two main steps: spatial variability characterization using AgroSat and yield estimation using the mobile Digivit app. AgroSat processed Sentinel-2 NDVI data to identify homogeneous zones, while Digivit used smartphone images of grape clusters to estimate yields. The field campaign, performed three weeks before harvest, involved monitoring representative vines within identified zones and uploading georeferenced images for cluster segmentation analysis. Yield estimates were validated against measured weights, showing a strong linear correlation (R²=0.85, RMSE=43.74g). Excluding one outlier improved correlation to R²=0.95, RMSE=14.58g. Vineyard-level yield predictions were compared with harvest data, achieving an overall error of approximately 7%, in agreement with other methods in the literature. The study demonstrates that the Digivit app provides accurate, timely yield prediction, supporting farmers in harvest planning and winemaking management. The user-friendly mobile app approach facilitates a broader adoption of precision viticulture technologies among farmers, overcoming barriers related to technical expertise.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0408.v1

Clostridial Infections in Cattle: A Comprehensive Review with Emphasis on Current Data Gaps in Brazil

Felipe Masiero Salvarani, Eliel Valentin Vieira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: botulism; tetanus; blackleg; malignant edema; enterotoxemia

Online: 6 August 2024 (10:42:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0354.v1

Eco-Physiological and Genetic Basis of Drought Response Index in Rice – Integration Using a Temperate Japonica Mapping Population

Poornima Ramalingam, An Thi Ha Nguyen, Akihiko Kamoshita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: rice (Oryza sativa); drought recovery; drought tolerance; QTL by environment interaction

Online: 6 August 2024 (09:10:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0225.v1

Effect of Bee-Borne Entomopathogenic Fungi and Essential Oils in Controlling Cyclamen Mite on Strawberries

Morel Libère Comlan KOTOMALE, Jean Pierre Kapongo, Alphonsine Muzinga Bin Lubusu, Romuald Simo Nana, Donald Rostand Fopie Tokam, Grace Suzert Nottin Mboussou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: bee vectoring; beneficial organisms; pests; strawberries; Bombus terrestris; Phytonemus pallidus; C. septempunctata; environment

Online: 6 August 2024 (06:01:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0353.v1

Resilient Farm Technologies in Achieving Sustainable Development: Performance and Adoption of Sri under Multiple Constraints in Odisha, India

Debdutt Behura, Surajit Haldar, Pandaba Charana Munda, Ashutosh Pal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: SRI; Dis-adoption; Sustainability; resource conservation; probit; odisha

Online: 6 August 2024 (05:54:22 CEST)

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Rice yield underperformance coupled with production instability in Odisha state of India is primarily due to low irrigation potential, the spatiotemporal disparity in rainfall pattern and relentless confrontation with biotic and abiotic stresses. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) was introduced in the state with the promises of higher production horizon. However, the present scenario of patchy adoption pattern has necessitated comprehensive study on dynamics and determinants of adoption of SRI. We found that, 57 percent farmers continued SRI, 28 percent discontinued and rest were practicing conventional rice farming. The focused group discussion among the farmers helped us to triangulate the determinants of SRI adoption.The increased SRI area allocation was observed at the expense of reduced number of adopting farmers. Economic scarcity of skilled labour, difficulties in transplantation and mechanical weeding, low irrigation potential and poor on-farm water management were major constraints in SRI practice. Farmers’ compliance in following different resilient SRI components that also varied spatiotemporally has resulted in realized incremental yield. SRI was proved to be resilient to severe drought during 2015-16 and yielded 27 percentage higher than conventional one with considerable decline in hazardous chemicals usage. Farmers’ decision on SRI adoption/discontinuation was analysed using probit regression analysis. The results indicated that, active social involvements of NGOs, on-farm training and demonstrations, and realized incremental rice income influenced SRI adoption. On the other hand, SRI area expansion hindered mainly because of infeasible land topography, area saturation and lack of farmers’ interest. The sustainability index was developed to analyse SRI’s performance to other conventional methods at farm level. Comparatively, SRI adopters benefitted in terms of incremental net return by enhancing ecological balance and sustained productivity of soil, use of eco-friendly and own farm inputs. Nonetheless, higher women labour displacement observed under SRI can be curtailed by providing training to young farm women.

Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0286.v1

Advancement in Research of Plant Beneficial Microorganisms: From Fermentation to Formulation Strategies and Applications in Agriculture

Maria Vassileva, Stefano Mocali, Vanessa Martos, Luis F Garcia del Moral, Nikolay Vassilev

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: plant beneficial microorganisms; fermentation; formulation; optimization; future tendencies

Online: 5 August 2024 (14:42:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0292.v1

Nutrient-Dense African Indigenous Vegetables and Grains in the FAO Food Composition Table for Western Africa (WAFCT) Identified Using Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) Scores

Jonathan Lara-Arevalo, Amos Laar, Maria Pia Chaparro, and Adam Drewnowski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: nutrient profiling; nutrient rich foods (NRF index); priority micronutrients; African indigenous vegetables; African indigenous grains; animal-source foods

Online: 5 August 2024 (10:24:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2603.v1

Sesame an Underutilized Oil Seed Crop: Breeding Achievements and Future Challenges

Saeed Rauf, Taiyyibah Basharat, Adane Gebeyehu, Mohammed Elsafy, Mahbubjon Rahmatov, Rodomiro Ortiz, Yalcin Kaya

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Abiotic stress; Capsules; CRISPR/Cas9; Genomics, SNPs; Yield

Online: 31 July 2024 (15:14:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2235.v1

Production Technologies towards Safe or No Aflatoxin Risk in Groundnut: The Case of Northern Ghana

Issah Sugri, Mutari Abubakari, Joseph Adjebeng-Danquah, Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda, Jerry Asalma Nboyine, Richard Oteng-Frimpong, Rashidatu Abdulai, Ahmed Seidu, Yahaya Asieku, Issah Alidu Abukari, Peter Quandahor, Yahaya Iddrisu, Julius Yirzagla, Edward Martey, Mustapha Mohammed Suraj, Francis Kusi, Quirico Migheli, Rachele Stentella, Bekele Kotu, Abdul Rahman Nurudeen, Fred Kizito, Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Management practices; Aflasafe®; treatment; Rhizobia inoculant; Risk analysis; food safety

Online: 30 July 2024 (11:46:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2210.v1

Assessing the Opportunities and Risks of DUS and VCU Variety Testing for Sustainable Production through SWOT Analysis Results

Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki., Katalin Magyar-Tábori, Roberto Mancinelli, Lisa Black, Hazel Brown, Mohamed Allam, Sripada M. Udupa, Mariam Atait, Elena Novarina, Tommaso Bardelli, Preben Klarskov Hansen, Paul Cottney, Anna Maria Giulini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: quality standards; sustainable production; yield performance; SWOT strategies; survey

Online: 30 July 2024 (09:29:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2282.v1

Carbon and Mycorrhizal Fungi for Improving Sustainable Ecosystems and Mitigate Greenhouse Gases

Bakhytzhan Yelikbayev, Marcela Claudia Pagano

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: ; biochar; mycorrhizae; dark soil; compost; soil nutrients; ecological sustainability indicators ;

Online: 29 July 2024 (10:10:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2166.v1

Identifying Optimal Zones for Avocado Cultivation in Iberian Peninsula: A Climate Suitability Analysis

Antonio Domínguez, Abelardo García-Martín, Eduardo Moreno Cuesta, Encarnación González Algarra, Luis Lorenzo Paniagua Simon, Gonzalo Allendes Lagos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Geospatial analysis; optimal zones; climate resilience; mediterranean region

Online: 26 July 2024 (13:24:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2132.v1

Test of Sugarcane Resistance of Genetically Engineered Products SPS Event Against Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus Infection

Muhammad Eqik Pratama

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: PRG sugarcane; resisteneble; Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus (SCSMV)

Online: 26 July 2024 (06:33:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2084.v1

Unlocking CBSD Resistance in Cassava: Insight From Genetic Variability and Combining Ability

Karoline Leonard Sichalwe, Ismail S. Kayondo, Richard Edema, Mikidadi Omari Abubakar, Heneriko Kulembeka, Patrick Rubaihayo, Edward Kanju

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Resistance sources; CBSV; UCBSV; Root necrosis; Virus sources; Heritability estimates

Online: 26 July 2024 (06:13:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2079.v1

Enhancing Coleoptile Length of Rice Seeds under Submergence through NAL11 Knockout

Zhe Zhao, Yuelan Xie, Mengqing Tian, Jinzhao Liu, Chun Chen, Jiyong 中国 Zhou, Tao Guo, Wuming Xiao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Rice seed germination; Coleoptile elongation; Submergence; NAL11; Stress tolerance

Online: 25 July 2024 (15:00:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1882.v1

Resistance Analysis of a Soybean Cultivar Nongqing 28 Against Soybean Cyst Nematode

Changjun Zhou, Yanfeng Hu, Yingpeng Han, Gang Chen, Bing Liu, Jidong Yu, Yaokun Wu, Jianying Li, Lan Ma, Jian Wei

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: soybean cyst nematode; Heterodera glycines; soybean; resistance; defense signaling

Online: 24 July 2024 (11:33:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0405.v2

Effect of Pit and Soil Types on Growth and Development, Nutrient Content and Fruit Quality of Pomegranate in the Central Deccan Plateau Region, India

Rajagopal Vadivel, Kotha Sammi Reddy, Yogeshwar Singh, Dhananjay D. Nangare

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: planting approach; soil types; pits dimension; shallow gravelly land; pomegranate tree growth; fruit yield; fruit quality; Leaf nutrient content; sustainability

Online: 23 July 2024 (17:55:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1786.v1

Trichoderma: Harzianum Complex Clade Species Distribution in Soils of Central and South America

Adnan Ismaiel, Prashant P. Jambhulkar, Parimal Sinha, Dilip K. Lakshman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: biocontrol agent; biofertilizer; sustainable agriculture; Trichoderma species; Harzianum Complex Clade

Online: 23 July 2024 (13:33:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1776.v1

Modelling the Herbicide-Resistance Evolution in Lolium rigidum (Gaud.) Populations at the Landscape Scale

Lucia Gonzalez-Diaz, Irene Gonzalez-Garcia, Jose L. Gonzalez-Andujar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: explicit genotype mode; dispersal vectors; gene flow; population dynamics; operational factors; spatially explicit model

Online: 23 July 2024 (10:02:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1726.v1

Watermelon Plant Silage: A Viable Alternative to Alfalfa Hay for Feeding Murciano-Granadina Goats

Zaira Pardo, Juan Manuel Palma-Hidalgo, Alberto Manuel Sánchez-García, Antonio Ignacio Martín-García

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: watermelon; silage; fermentation; rumen; goats; byproducts

Online: 23 July 2024 (07:21:56 CEST)

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The study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of watermelon plant silage (WPS) and to assess the effect of replacing alfalfa hay (AH) with WPS in a diet formulated for dairy goats. The study used four goats as donors of rumen microbiota to analyze in vitro fermentation parameters. The chemical composition analysis revealed that WPS and AH had similar protein content (21.1 vs. 18.9 g CP/100 g DM), but WPS had lower contents of organic matter (77.4 vs. 89.6 g/100 g DM), NDF (36.3 vs. 49.4 g/100 g DM), ADF (26.4 vs. 34.6 g/100 g DM), LAD (6.40 vs. 8.01 g/100 g DM), and amino acids (716 vs. 874 g AA/kg N) compared to AH. Conversely, WPS had higher fat content (3.09 vs. 1.29 g CF/100 g DM) and different macro- and micromineral content values than AH. In a first in vitro experiment, WPS and AH were incubated independently to compare their fermentation behaviour, indicating that the metabolizable energy (ME) tended to be higher for WPS compared to the AH diet (6.67 vs. 5.72 MJ/kg DM; p = 0.058). WPS fermentation produced lower concentrations of total VFA than AH (66.6 vs. 115 mM; p = 0.011), lower proportions of propionate and valerate (p ≤ 0.022), and higher proportions of isobutyrate (p = 0.001), without altering gas production (GP) kinetics as degradation rate and its potential release. In a second in vitro trial, a formulated goat diet (consisting of commercial concentrate and AH in a 1:1 ratio) was used as a control to assay the impact of AH replacing by WPS at 25% and 50% respectively. Trends were observed in several parameters, such as a linear increase in GP rate (p = 0.088), organic matter digestibility (p = 0.067), and CH4 concentration in the gas produced (p = 0.094) as AH was replaced by WPS. The study concluded that WPS could serve as a viable fodder to replace AH in conventional dairy goat diets while simultaneously reducing agricultural waste and serving as a regenerative model for implementing the circular economy strategy in the affected sectors.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1678.v1

Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Tolerance to Salt and Drought Stress: Advances and Future Directions

Qingyang Li, Peiwen Zhu, Xinqiao Yu, Guolan Liu, Junying Xu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: salt and drought stress; physiological and molecular mechanisms; transcription factors; gene editing; multi-omics; smart agriculture

Online: 22 July 2024 (07:08:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1558.v1

Morphological Differentiation, Yield and Cutting Time of Lolium multiflorum L. under Acid Soil Conditions in Highlands

William Carrasco-Chilón, Marieta Cervantes Peralta, Laura Mendoza, Yudith Muñoz-Vílchez, Carlos Quilcate, David Casanova Nuñez-Melgar, Héctor Vásquez, Wuesley Yusmein Alvarez-García

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Lolium multiflorum L.; Cajamarquino ecotype; Andean pastures; drought tolerance; dairy farming

Online: 19 July 2024 (10:26:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1481.v1

Combine Usage Possibilities of Entomopathogenic Nematodes with Insecticides against Mediterranean Corn Borer Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre)

Esengül Erdem

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: entomopathogenic nematodes; Mediterranean Corn Borer; insecticides; compatibility

Online: 18 July 2024 (14:34:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1490.v1

Metabolic Engineering in Plants: Enhancing Crop Yield and Quality

Katie Fan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Metabolic engineering; crop improvement; stress tolerance; synthetic biology; CRISPR/Cas9

Online: 18 July 2024 (10:54:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1362.v1

Hyperspectral Imaging for Phenotyping Plant Drought Stress Using Univariate and Multivariate Modelling Techniques

Frank Gyan Okyere, Daniel Kingsley Cudjoe, Nicolas Virlet, March Castle, Andrew Bernard Riche, Latifa Greche, Daniel M. Simms, Manal Mhada, Fady Mohareb, Malcolm Hawkesford

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: drought stress; gas exchange measurements; hyperspectral imaging; machine learning; vegetation indices

Online: 17 July 2024 (09:17:52 CEST)

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Due to the adverse effect of prolonged drought stress on plants, accurate detection is essential for water use efficiency and maintaining productivity. Hyperspectral imaging is frequently used for non-invasive plant phenotyping, allowing for the long-term monitoring of crop health due to its sensitivity to subtle changes in leaf constituents. The broad spectrum of hyperspectral data enables the development of multiple vegetation indices (Vis) derived from the different spectral regions to estimate plant biophysical and biochemical traits. However, the known VIs often do not generalize well and perform poorly for multiple plant stresses. This study proposes new VIs combined with machine learning models to identify drought stress in wheat species under different nitrogen (N) levels. A wheat experiment was set up in the glasshouse with four treatments: well-watered high-N (WWHN), well-watered low-N (WWLN), drought-stress high N and drought-stress low-N. In addition to ensuring that plants were watered according to the experiment design, photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs) were taken regularly, serving as the ground truth data for this study. Sensitive spectral features were selected using a custom-designed ensemble modelling technique. New drought VIs are proposed using different combinations of the selected features. Three classification models (support vector machines, random forest and deep neural network) were developed and trained using four sets of data: known VIs, proposed VIs, combined VIs (from the known and proposed VIs) and PCA-transformed features (over the whole spectral data). From the results, the proposed VIs outperformed the known VIs, yielding > 0.94 accuracies for all three models, and the performance improved when they were trained with the combined VIs. The combined VIs were used to train three regression models to predict the stomatal conductances and photosynthetic rates of plants. The random forest regression model performed best, suggesting that it could be used as a stand-alone tool to forecast gs and Pn and track drought stress in wheat.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1261.v1

Plant-Soil Microbial Interaction: Differential Adaptations of Beneficial vs. Pathogenic Bacterial and Fungal Communities to Climate-Induced Drought and Desiccation Stresses

Nataliya Loiko, M. Nazrul Islam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: soil; plant; microorganisam; gene transfer; drought; desiccation

Online: 16 July 2024 (10:18:00 CEST)

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Biology and Life Sciences