Abstract: Academic stress represents a major challenge to university students’ wellbeing and is associated with both psychological and physiological consequences. Although dog-assisted interventions have shown promising effects in reducing stress and anxiety in higher education settings, methodological challenges remain regarding the integrated assessment of physiological responses. This study examined cardiovascular changes associated with dog-assisted university sessions and explored the usefulness of integrated cardiovascular indices for physiological stress monitoring. A quasi-experimental pre–post repeated-measures design was implemented within the StressLess program at the University of Granada. A total of 147 university students participated, generating 375 valid physiological records including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate measurements obtained before and after intervention sessions. Results revealed significant reductions in all cardiovascular variables following participation. Furthermore, the StressLess Cardiovascular Dynamics Index (SCDI) and alternative integrated cardiovascular formulations consistently detected physiological changes associated with the intervention, showing moderate-to-large effect sizes and high convergence among indices. The findings suggest that dog-assisted interventions may facilitate short-term physiological regulation in university students and that integrated cardiovascular approaches represent practical, non-invasive tools for stress assessment in real educational settings.

Abstract: The anisakid nematode Sulcascaris (S.) sulcata is one of the most frequently reported pathogenic parasite of gastrointestinal tract of sea turtles, with wide diffusion in warm marine ecosystems of Pacific, Atlantic, and Mediterranean basin. Sea turtles, including the Mediterranean loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta), act as definitive hosts by ingesting infected bivalve and gastropod molluscs with fourth- larval stage. Infected sea turtles typically develop ulcerative gastritis and chronic mucosal inflammation. We molecularly characterized 19 anisakid nematodes collected from the gastric tract of stranded C. caretta (n = 19) along the Adriatic and Ionian coasts and examined at local Zooprophylactic Institutes. Stomach samples from 5 severely infested turtles were also submitted to histological analysis. Species identification was performed through two conventional PCRs targeting MT-CO1 and MT-CO2; sequencing of 35 amplicons confirmed their identity as S. sulcata species revealing high genetic homogeneity. Phylogenetic analyses showed no clustering by geographic origin or host. The pathological examination revealed mucocatarrhal gastritis with ulcerative lesions, while histological analysis showed chronic gastritis characterized by lymphocytic infiltration. These findings refine current knowledge on S. sulcata distribution and host–parasite dynamics, with implications for marine turtle health and intermediatehost ecology.

Abstract: Introduction: Critical care medicine in Nigeria has evolved from a single postoperative recovery unit in 1973 to a recognised subspecialty, yet it remains severely under-resourced relative to population need. This systematic review synthesises evidence on the evolution, current capacity, workforce challenges, and financing of critical care in Nigeria and proposes evidence-informed strategies for sustainable system strengthening. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, African Journals Online, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to March 2025, supplemented by reference list screening and grey literature from Nigerian Ministry of Health and professional society sources. Studies reporting on critical care capacity, workforce training, clinical outcomes, policy development, or financing in Nigerian settings were included. Two reviewers independently screened records and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcome measures, data were synthesised thematically. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE framework. This review is reported according to the PRISMA 2020 statement. Results: Of 254 unique records screened, 40 studies were included in the thematic synthesis. Nigeria has approximately 30 intensive care units (ICUs), yielding an estimated 0.1–0.2 beds per 100,000 population. Most ICUs are in tertiary public hospitals and are led by consultant anaesthetists rather than dedicated intensivists. Mortality rates in Nigerian ICUs are reported between 38% and 74% depending on diagnosis and case mix. The National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria approved a fellowship and MD curriculum in Intensive Care Medicine in December 2024, formalising the specialty. Paediatric ICUs exist in only 12.1% of training institutions. Out-of-pocket payments dominate financing, and the National Health Insurance Scheme excludes critical care. The certainty of evidence was very low to low across all key outcomes, primarily due to risk of bias, inconsistency, and indirectness. Conclusion: Critical care in Nigeria has progressed from an anaesthesia-led recovery service to an independent specialty with a formal curriculum, but structural deficits persist. Targeted investment in bed capacity, workforce retention, NHIS reform, tele-ICU platforms, and national registry development are essential for building a resilient, equitable critical care system.

Abstract: Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are significant defensive and pharmaceutical metabolites found in medicinal plants of the Papaveraceae family. Among these, dehydrocavidine is a distinctive bioactive constituent of Corydalis saxicola Bunting, an endangered medicinal plant endemic to karst habitats, known for its definite hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral pharmacological properties. Berberine Bridge Enzyme-Like (BBEL) proteins serves as key rate-limiting enzymes catalyzing core skeletal oxidation in BIA biosynthesis. However, their functions in C. saxicola. remain uncharacterized. In this study, we performed a comprehensive functional genomic analysis of the BBEL family in C. saxicola (CsBBELs). A total of 22 CsBBEL members were identified from the genome of C. saxicola, all of which possess the conserved FAD-binding domain and BBE functional domain characteristic of the BBEL family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CsBBEL family formed three clades closely clustered with homologs from related Papaveraceae species, indicating high conservation. Expression profiles demonstrated significant tissue specificity and Ca²⁺ stress response of the CsBBEL genes, with CsBBEL3, CsBBEL16, and CsBBEL17 being particularly highly expressed in roots. Protein structure prediction and molecular docking suggested that these candidates bind cavidine and tetrahydrocolumbamine. In vitro enzymatic assays confirmed that CsBBEL3/16/17 specifically catalyzed the four-electron oxidation of cavidine and tetrahydrocolumbamine to produce dehydrocavidine and columbamine, respectively, exhibiting oxidase activity in the BIA biosynthetic pathway. These findings not only contribute to germplasm conservation but also lay a foundation for the synthetic biology-based improvement of C. saxicola.

Abstract: Healthcare and research within the context of weight management report persistent difficulties with engagement. The aim of the current study was to identify factors which help and hinder engagement in weight-loss interventions and associated research. Participants (N= 98) who were currently or had recently attempted to lose weight by a diversity of means (including ‘going it alone’) were recruited through an online platform. Participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions assessing the factors which helped and hindered their engagement. Inductive thematic analysis of open-ended responses generated three themes related to (1) properties of the intervention (e.g., goal setting tools and peer support), (2) personal factors (e.g., emotion and skill) and (3) situational factors (e.g., time). Our findings resonate with key components of behaviour change approaches such as the COM-B model and potentially support their use in the context of improving engagement with weight-loss interventions and associated research. Future studies should take inventive approaches to understanding barriers to engagement amongst very disengaged individuals.

Abstract: Modern cancer therapy has achieved major advances through molecularly targeted therapies, immune checkpoint blockade, and antibody–drug conjugates, guided by the principles of precision oncology. Despite increasingly precise molecular interventions guided by actionable molecular targets and predictive biomarkers, therapeutic outcomes remain highly variable, making it a major bottleneck. Such variability suggests that therapeutic outcomes emerge not directly from molecular targeting, but through therapy-driven evolution of the tumor–host system. This intrinsically dynamical nature of cancer therapy motivates the introduction of concepts from dynamic systems theory.Here, a conceptual state-space formulation of therapeutic trajectory evolution, variability, and convergence is proposed. Within this framework, the tumor–host system is represented as an accessible state-space organization (θ) that constrains therapeutic trajectory evolution (T) and the attractor (A) from which therapeutic outcome (y) emerge. Therapeutic input (μ) drives system trajectory evolution, whereas state-space modulating operator (υ) modifies the accessible state-space organization θ, generating a modified accessible state-space organization θ_υ.The conceptual formulations y ~ A[T(θ, μ)] and y’ ~ A’[T’(θ_υ, μ)] represent therapeutic trajectory evolution within original and modified accessible state-space organization, respectively. Under modified accessible state-space organization, trajectory evolution may exhibit reduced diversity and increased convergence toward restricted attractors, thereby promoting therapeutic convergence.Bicarbonate-mediated tumor alkalization and intracellular lactic acidosis are discussed as representative examples of external and internal state-space modulating operators. In hepatocellular carcinoma, bicarbonate-enhanced transarterial chemoembolization and bicarbonate-augmented anti–PD-1 therapy demonstrated unusually high and convergent therapeutic responses, reflecting biased trajectory evolution within a modified accessible state-space organization. In contrast, intracellular lactic acidosis is represented as an endogenous state-space modulating operator arising from tumor metabolic adaptation.Taken together, the present framework provides a conceptual explanation for therapeutic variability as a major limitation of molecular-targeting-based cancer therapy and suggests that combining molecular targeting with state-space modulation may represent a promising direction for overcoming this limitation and improving therapeutic efficacy.

Abstract: We analyse the unique positive, spherically symmetric ground state of the stationary Schrödinger–Newton system. Using the regularity and symmetry of solutions, we construct the full even-power Taylor expansions of the wave function and the Newtonian potential at the origin, and we express all coefficients through explicit recurrence relations depending polynomially on the initial data (a₀,b₀)=(y(0),V(0)) with a₀>0 and b₀>1. In the far field we derive the complete Coulomb-corrected asymptotic expansion of the ground state, y(r)=Ce^−rr−^1/2(1+O(r⁻¹) and V(r)=1/r+O(e^−2r), and we show that the Newtonian potential admits no algebraic corrections beyond the leading Coulomb term. The mass constraint and the virial identity provide global relations that uniquely determine the admissible pair (a₀,b₀) and fix the asymptotic amplitude C, thereby linking the origin expansion to the far-field behaviour. These results complement the classical analysis of Moroz–Penrose–Tod and the asymptotic theory of Moroz–Van Schaftingen for the Choquard equation. In the Schrödinger–Newton setting, the Coulomb tail and the mass-preserving scaling interact in a subtle way, and the present work clarifies this interaction by giving explicit expansions, precise recurrence relations, and a unified analytic description of the ground state across all spatial scales.

Abstract: Nanoplastics (NPs) in drinking water should be interpreted as the downstream analytical endpoint of a broader continuum of aquatic plastic pollution rather than as an isolated problem. Their detection remains analytically immature because environmentally relevant concentrations are low, particle chemistries are heterogeneous, natural colloids and treatment residuals interfere with measurement, and no single method can simultaneously resolve size, morphology, polymer identity, and mass concentration. Unlike occurrence-centered reviews, this PRISMA-guided review treats drinking-water nanoplastics as a metrological and molecular-identification problem in which preprocessing, particle-level confirmation, polymer-specific quantification, and uncertainty reporting must be integrated. A formal search was closed on 11 April 2026 using prespecified query families across publicly accessible scholarly records and backward citation chaining; 33 unique records were screened, 25 full texts were assessed, and 22 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Current evidence indicates that conventional FTIR and routine Raman workflows are inadequate for true nanoscale analysis, whereas advanced Raman-based approaches, AFM-IR, optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry offer complementary strengths but still have major limitations in throughput, particle-level information, or quantification. The main conclusion is that current uncertainty reflects unresolved analytical chemistry and metrological constraints as much as environmental variability. Regulatory progress will depend on orthogonal workflows, contamination-controlled preprocessing, validated reference materials, LOD/LOQ reporting, and interlaboratory harmonization.

Abstract: Salmonella is a globally significant foodborne intracellular pathogen, and invasive salmonellosis poses a major global public health threat. The NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome, a pivotal cytosolic innate immune sensor, specifically recognizes Salmonella flagellin and type III secretion system (T3SS) components via the NAIP (NLR family apoptosis inhibitory protein) family. Upon activation, it triggers pyroptosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and infected intestinal epithelial cell extrusion, serving as a central pathway for host defense against Salmonella colonization and systemic spread. In this review, we systematically summarize the structural composition, activation mechanisms, post-translational modifications, and regulatory protein network of the NLRC4 inflammasome. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms by which Salmonella evades NLRC4 surveillance through multiple strategies: transcriptional downregulation of immunogenic ligands, structural modification of T3SS components, secretion of effector proteins, and chemotaxis-virulence synergy. This review comprehensively presents the co-evolutionary arms race between Salmonella and the NLRC4 inflammasome, providing a theoretical basis for elucidating bacterial immune evasion mechanisms and developing novel anti-infective targets.

Abstract: Background With the advancement of sequencing technologies and increasing quality of assembly and annotation tools, the amount of biological sequence data produced by research grows rapidly. To keep this data accessible for potential re-analysis, it is typically stored in public online databases, such as the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA). However, the increase in data entails an increase in time needed for metadata curation and upload. We propose a tool to simplify and automatize the upload of experimental and metadata to public repositories. Results We developed ENflorA, a set of scripts by which sample, sequence read and (annotated) assembly data can be uploaded to ENA in a simple and standardized manner. Our software allows easy metadata entry via spreadsheets, is suitable for batch upload of data from different sources, and can be fully integrated in bioinformatic workflows. It is platform independent and can be run natively on High Performance Computers, integrates an lftp upload option for big files and a test upload option. Conclusions By easing the ENA submission process, ENflorA contributes to making high-throughput sequencing data findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable.

Abstract:

Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) are key proteins of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The aim of the present study was to obtain and characterize an in vitro model for endogenous APOA1 and PON1 long-time up-regulation in hepatocytes that can be further used to decipher the mechanism of their protective action. Cultured human hepatocytes (HuH-7 cell line) were transfected with CRISPR/dCas9 activation plasmids targeting APOA1/PON1 genes. Following selection with specific antibiotics, RNA sequencing was used for the transcriptomic characterization of the transfected hepatocytes. The functionality of the secreted APOAI/PON1 was evaluated as the capacity of the conditioned medium (CM) from transfected HuH-7 to modulate the oxidative and inflammatory stress in TNFα-activated primary human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC). The results showed that: (1) a robust, long-time up-regulation (46 days) of endogenous APOA1/PON1 was obtained after CRISPR/dCas9 transfection and antibiotics selection; (2) APOA1/PON1 up-regulation led to a modified transcriptomic profile and increased the expression of several antioxidant genes in transfected hepatocytes as demonstrated by RNAseq analysis; (3) secreted APOA1/PON1 were functional as demonstrated by the CM ability to reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory markers (VCAM-1, MCP-1) in TNF-α-activated HUVEC. In conclusion, we achieved an experimental model of successful long-term up-regulation of endogenous APOA1 and PON1 in human hepatocytes. The targeted proteins are secreted in a functional form and can be used for deciphering their complex mechanism of protective action in various pathological conditions.

Abstract: Background: Beijing's 2024 school physical education reforms have substantially increased activity demands on children, yet population-level genotype data for Chinese schoolchildren remain scarce. Objectives: To characterize ACTN3 R577X, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms in 564 Beijing schoolchildren; test Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE); compare allele frequencies with East Asian reference populations; and perform multi-locus folate metabolism risk stratification. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 564 primary and secondary school students (\mbox{265 males}, 299 females) in Beijing. Genotyping was performed by PCR and Sanger sequencing using saliva-derived DNA. HWE was tested via $\chi^2$ goodness-of-fit. Allele frequencies were compared with 1000 Genomes CHB ($n = 103$) and gnomAD EAS ($n \approx 2{,}604$) using chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. Multi-locus risk scores (0--6 alleles) were computed across three folate-pathway loci. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype frequencies were estimated using the EM algorithm. Results: All four loci were in HWE (all $P > 0.05$). Genotype frequencies were: ACTN3 R577X---RR 31.56%, RX 49.11%, XX 19.33%; MTHFR C677T---CC 18.62%, CT 46.99%, TT 34.40%; MTHFR A1298C---AA 71.81%, AC 26.42%, CC 1.77%; MTRR A66G---AA 56.21%, AG 35.82%, GG 7.98%. No significant sex differences were observed at any locus (all $P > 0.05$). Allele frequencies were consistent with East Asian reference populations. Multi-locus risk stratification showed that 70.21% of students carried $\geq$2 risk alleles; 4.79% carried $\geq$4. LD between MTHFR C677T and A1298C was moderate to strong ($|D'| = 0.97$, $r^2 = 0.23$). The double-mutant T-C haplotype was rare (frequency $= 0.002$). Conclusions: This study provides population-level genotype baseline data for exercise- and folate metabolism-related polymorphisms in Beijing schoolchildren. The moderate-to-high prevalence of folate-metabolism risk variants highlights the need for population-level nutritional attention, and the diverse ACTN3 distribution provides a genetic basis for differentiated physical education approaches. These multi-locus frequency data establish a baseline for future genotype-phenotype studies in school-aged populations.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Dementia and cognitive decline place increasing demands on healthcare systems, rehabilitation services, long-term care, and community-based prevention. Structured exercise training is a promising strategy for adults at risk of cognitive decline, but it remains unclear how intervention studies integrate cerebrovascular and cognitive outcomes in ways that can inform clinical translation, rehabilitation planning, and exercise prescription. Methods: This scoping review followed PRISMA-ScR guidance. PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus were searched for peer-reviewed English-language studies published from January 2010 to 4 May 2026, supplemented by reference list checking and citation chasing. Eligible studies were human intervention studies involving structured exercise training and at least one cerebrovascular, vascular, brain-related, or cognitive outcome. Studies were mapped by exercise modality, population risk profile, grouped outcome domain, and outcome-integration category. Results: Fifty-four studies were included. Cognitive outcomes were assessed more frequently than cerebrovascular outcomes: 38 studies reported cognitive outcomes only, 9 reported cerebrovascular or vascular outcomes only, and 7 assessed both domains within the same intervention design. Aerobic training formed the most developed evidence cluster for direct cerebrovascular outcomes, whereas other modalities were more often represented in cognition-focused studies but less frequently included direct cerebrovascular measures. Conclusions: Current evidence shows a major vascular-cognitive integration gap. Most exercise intervention studies do not determine whether cerebrovascular adaptations correspond with cognitive outcomes in the same participants. Future trials should combine cerebrovascular assessment, domain-specific cognitive testing, dose reporting, adherence monitoring, safety reporting, feasibility evaluation, and mechanistic biomarkers to support more precise exercise prescription for dementia risk mitigation and cognitive health promotion.

Abstract: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential steroid hormones that coordinate plant growth, development and adaptation to changing environments. Although BR signaling has long been viewed primarily as a phosphorylation-dependent pathway, increasing evidence shows that ubiquitination provides an additional regulatory layer that shapes the abundance, activity, subcellular distribution and turnover of key signaling components. Ubiquitin-mediated regulation operates at multiple points in the BR pathway, including receptor homeostasis at the plasma membrane, turnover of GSK3-like kinases, and stability control of the transcription factors BES1/BZR1. These processes determine not only the strength and duration of BR signaling but also its coordination with other hormonal and stress-response pathways. In this review, we discuss recent advances in ubiquitin-mediated regulation of BR signaling, focusing on receptor-level control, proteolytic regulation of core signaling components, and modulation of transcriptional outputs. We also highlight emerging links between ubiquitination, selective autophagy, deubiquitination and BR-associated stress responses, and outline key questions concerning ubiquitin chain specificity, substrate recognition and conservation of these regulatory modules in crops. Defining how ubiquitination fine-tunes BR signaling will deepen our understanding of plant steroid hormone regulation and may provide new strategies for optimizing crop architecture, productivity and stress resilience.

Abstract: The rapid increase of mobile users and advancement of widely used applications introduce high network demands for low-latency and reliable mobility management in mobile communication networks. However, the traditional handover approaches are rule-based and rely solely on signal strength thresholds with hysteresis margins, which are prone to ping-pong effects and are unable to adapt to dynamic network conditions. Machine Learning (ML) models have been integrated for handover predictions, but their centralized architecture compromises user data privacy, which conflicts with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). These centralized ML approaches also introduce scalability constraints that limit their effectiveness in dense network deployments. To address these challenges, this work proposes a Federated Learning with Software-Defined Mobile Networking (FL-SDMN) framework, a unified approach that integrates federated privacy-preserving learning with centralized network coordination for intelligent handover optimization in 5G and beyond networks. The framework leverages a lightweight federated ExtraTrees ensemble model with weighted tree-based aggregation to preserve data privacy and SDMN to provide global network coordination. It has a three-layer decision pipeline that transforms handover control from a reactive threshold mechanism into a predictive, standards-aligned optimization process. Evaluation of the framework was done with real-world 5G mobility data in terms of decision latency, unnecessary handover reduction, and scalability across diverse network configurations. The findings indicate that the integration of FL, Extra Trees, and SDMN provides a scalable, privacy-preserving, and deployment-ready solution for intelligent mobility management in 5G and beyond networks.

Abstract: Medical image classification in clinical settings is frequently constrained by High-Dimensional, Low-Sample Size (HDLSS) conditions, where conventional Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are geometrically susceptible to the data piling phenomenon, leading to fragile decision boundaries under feature-space perturbations. This study proposes a hybrid CNN-MLP-DWD framework that integrates multi-architecture CNN feature extraction with Distance-Weighted Discrimination (DWD) to address this statistical instability. Pre-trained ResNet50 and DenseNet121 backbones extract complementary representations, fused into a 3072-dimensional vector via Global Average Pooling and horizontal concatenation. A supervised Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) bottleneck then compresses this space into a 32-dimensional latent representation, resolving the computational bottleneck of deploying DWD directly on high-dimensional features. Evaluated across breast ultrasound, breast mammography, and chest X-ray datasets, the proposed framework achieves a 29-fold reduction in training latency over the baseline CNN-DWD, elevates breast ultrasound accuracy from 71.83\% to 83.93\% under HDLSS conditions, and attains a macro-AUC of 99.69\% on the chest X-ray benchmark, surpassing all compared methods. Gaussian noise perturbation tests further confirm that DWD maintains better structural resilience over SVM under out-of-distribution clinical conditions.

Abstract: Background: The widespread success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV into a chronic condition, shifting clinical attention toward aging-associated comorbidities, including autoimmune and rheumatologic diseases. However, the epidemiology, clinical spectrum, and treatment outcomes of these conditions in older people living with HIV (PLH) remain incompletely characterized. Objective: This scoping review aimed to map contemporary evidence on autoimmune and rheumatologic diseases in aging PLH in the ART era, with emphasis on epidemiology, clinical phenotypes, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic outcomes. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus was conducted for studies published from January 1, 2021, onward. Eligible studies included adult PLH with autoimmune or rheumatologic conditions and were screened according to PRISMA-ScR methodology. Case reports, non-human studies, and studies published before 2021 were excluded. Data were extracted narratively from included studies. Results: The search yielded 438 records, of which 134 duplicates were removed. After title, abstract, and full-text screening, 8 studies were included. The evidence identified a heterogeneous spectrum of autoimmune and rheumatologic manifestations in PLH, including systemic lupus erythematosus, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatic heart disease, immune thrombocytopenia, renal immune-mediated pathology, and myasthenia gravis. Contemporary data suggest that biologic and targeted small-molecule therapies are generally effective and well tolerated in selected PLH, although opportunistic infections and transient viral load increases have been reported with some agents. Conclusion: Autoimmune and rheumatologic diseases in aging PLH represent an emerging ART-era challenge. Prospective studies and multidisciplinary guidelines are needed to optimize diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract: Bundibugyo virus disease, caused by Bundibugyo virus (Orthoebolavirus bundibugyoense), is a severe human ebolavirus disease with substantial mortality, unresolved reservoir ecology, limited diagnostic implementation, and no licensed vaccines or therapeutics specifically approved for this ebolavirus species. The May 2026 public health emergency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda renewed the need for a focused synthesis of Bundibugyo virus-specific diagnostics and medical countermeasures. This review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature, preprints, and official public-health documents on diagnostics, antivirals, therapeutics, vaccines, and post-exposure prophylaxis. Comparative evidence from Ebola virus, Sudan virus, Marburg virus, and pan-filovirus platforms is included only where it clarifies Bundibugyo virus-specific evidence, exposes unsupported extrapolation, or defines preparedness gaps. The 2007–2008 outbreak showed that assays optimized for known filoviruses can miss divergent ebolaviruses; the 2026 outbreak underscored the importance of diagnostic breadth, sequencing-based confirmation, decentralized laboratory capacity, and regional coordination. Clinical and immunological data indicate that Bundibugyo virus cannot be reduced to an Ebola virus-like model. Countermeasure evidence remains largely preclinical: recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccines expressing Bundibugyo virus glycoprotein provide the strongest direct animal protection data, whereas antiviral and antibody-based evidence varies widely and requires careful separation of direct Bundibugyo virus data from platform-based extrapolation.

Abstract: Transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs) are the critical current-to-voltage interface in optical receivers, LiDAR front-ends, biomedical sensors, and unconventional applications such as magnetic-resonance receiver-coil arrays and wide-bandgap ultraviolet detectors, and their CMOS design is governed by a fundamental gain-bandwidth-noise trade-off whose structure is rarely made explicit. This review introduces a unifying framework rooted in three explicit assumptions underlying the classical shunt-feedback TIA limit: a single-pole core amplifier (A1), a resistive feedback element (A2), and the full input capacitance loading the feedback summing node (A3). Relaxing one or more of these is shown to be the common structural thread behind every class of bandwidth or noise enhancement in the recent literature, and all surveyed architectures are organized into a six-tier taxonomy, from Tier 0 designs operating within the classical limit to Tier 5 topologies that bypass all three assumptions simultaneously. This taxonomy is supplemented by an orthogonal configurability axis spanning single- and dual-control reconfigurable, variable-gain, and dynamic-range-extension designs. We further show that stability is not removed by these relaxations but migrates with the tier, from the global phase margin of the classical loop to a local regulating loop, a group-delay-flatness constraint, an input-passivity condition, or a multi-loop interaction, so that each architecture carries a predictable stability locus alongside its noise and bandwidth consequences. The taxonomy is cross-referenced with application domains, with closed-form noise-floor boundary plots parametrized by input capacitance and amplifier gain-bandwidth product, and with the CMOS technology landscape, where we argue that the most advanced node is not universally optimal and that node and topology act as complementary rather than competing levers. A single consistent figure of merit, applied uniformly to a representative set of CMOS realizations from 0.6 μm to 16 nm FinFET, shows no monotonic improvement with publication year or node and is presented as a diagnostic indicator rather than an absolute ranking. The review closes with an outlook on 200 Gb/s /lane links, wide-bandgap sensor integration, and the FinFET-to-gate-all-around device transition.

Abstract: A study was conducted to characterize the performance of a HydroFloat® coarse particle flotation (CPF) cell using rougher tailings samples from an industrial copper mining operation. The work involved measuring internal hydrodynamic variables under a wide range of operating conditions. The effect of different operational and hydrodynamic conditions on the metallurgical performance of the HydroFloat® cell was also evaluated. Gas dispersion measurements, such as bubble size distribution, superficial gas velocity (J$_g$), superficial area flux (Sb), and residence time distribution (RTD), were recorded, enabling a detailed analysis of the cell's operation. Results show that copper recovery is strongly influenced by the superficial gas velocity (J$_g$) and the superficial liquid velocity (J$_l$). It was observed that the bubble diameter (d$_{32}$) remained relatively constant at 0.5 mm across all operating conditions, which is well below typical bubble sizes for conventional flotation cells. This suggests that contrary to what may be expected, in this kind of machine, small bubbles are able to float coarse particles. Bubble image inspection suggests that the HydroFloat{\textregistered} cell creates conditions conducive to bubble-particle aggregates, which would explain how small bubbles can float coarse particles. This study contributes to the understanding of CPF and establishes a framework for optimization in copper concentrators.