Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Are the Comorbidities Constitute an Intrinsic Factor for Long COVID?

Rasha Ashmawy
ORCID logo ,
Esraa Abdellatif Hammouda
ORCID logo ,
Yousra A. El-Maradny
ORCID logo ,
Iman Aboelsaad
,
Mai Hussein
,
Vladimir N. Uversky
* ORCID logo ,
Elrashdy M. Redwan
*
Version 1 : Received: 2 May 2024 / Approved: 2 May 2024 / Online: 2 May 2024 (12:14:45 CEST)

How to cite: Ashmawy, R.; Hammouda, E. A.; El-Maradny, Y. A.; Aboelsaad, I.; Hussein, M.; Uversky, V. N.; Redwan, E. M. Are the Comorbidities Constitute an Intrinsic Factor for Long COVID?. Preprints 2024, 2024050099. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0099.v1 Ashmawy, R.; Hammouda, E. A.; El-Maradny, Y. A.; Aboelsaad, I.; Hussein, M.; Uversky, V. N.; Redwan, E. M. Are the Comorbidities Constitute an Intrinsic Factor for Long COVID?. Preprints 2024, 2024050099. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.0099.v1

Abstract

Long COVID, a name often given to the persistent symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, poses a multifaceted challenge for health. This review explores the intrinsic relationship between comorbidities and autoimmune responses in shaping the trajectory of long COVID. Autoantibodies have emerged as significant players in COVID-19 pathophysiology, with implications for disease severity and progression. Studies show immune dysregulation persisting months after infection, marked by activated innate immune cells and high cytokine levels. The presence of autoantibodies against various autoantigens suggests their potential as comorbid factors in long COVID. Additionally, the formation of immune complexes may lead to severe disease progression, highlighting the urgency for early detection and intervention. Furthermore, long COVID is highly linked to cardiovascular complications and neurological symptoms, posing challenges in diagnosis and management. Multidisciplinary approaches, including vaccination, tailored rehabilitation, and pharmacological interventions, are used for mitigating long COVID's burden. However, numerous challenges persist, from evolving diagnostic criteria to addressing the psychosocial impact and predicting disease outcomes. Leveraging AI-based applications holds promise in enhancing patient management and improving our understanding of long COVID. As research continues to unfold, unravelling the complexities of long COVID remains paramount for effective intervention and patient care.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Long-COVID; Comorbidities; autoantibodies; Interplay; Synergistic effects

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergy

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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