Low Number of Baselines γδ T Cells Increase the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Post-Vaccination Infection

Juan Carlos Andreu-Ballester; Lorena Galindo-Regal; Carmen Cuellar; Francisca López-Chuliá; Carlos García-Ballesteros; Leonor Fernández-Muga; Antonio Llombart-Cussac; María Victoria Domínguez-Márquez

doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1115.v1

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preprints.org > medicine and pharmacology > immunology and allergy > doi: 10.20944/preprints202404.1115.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Low Number of Baselines γδ T Cells Increase the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Post-Vaccination Infection

Juan Carlos Andreu-Ballester

^* ,

Lorena Galindo-Regal

Carmen Cuellar

Francisca López-Chuliá

Carlos García-Ballesteros

Leonor Fernández-Muga

Antonio Llombart-Cussac

María Victoria Domínguez-Márquez

Version 1 : Received: 16 April 2024 / Approved: 17 April 2024 / Online: 17 April 2024 (08:00:55 CEST)

How to cite: Andreu-Ballester, J.C.; Galindo-Regal, L.; Cuellar, C.; López-Chuliá, F.; García-Ballesteros, C.; Fernández-Muga, L.; Llombart-Cussac, A.; Domínguez-Márquez, M.V. Low Number of Baselines γδ T Cells Increase the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Post-Vaccination Infection. Preprints 2024, 2024041115. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1115.v1 Andreu-Ballester, J.C.; Galindo-Regal, L.; Cuellar, C.; López-Chuliá, F.; García-Ballesteros, C.; Fernández-Muga, L.; Llombart-Cussac, A.; Domínguez-Márquez, M.V. Low Number of Baselines γδ T Cells Increase the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Post-Vaccination Infection. Preprints 2024, 2024041115. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1115.v1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Andreu-Ballester, J.C.; Galindo-Regal, L.; Cuellar, C.; López-Chuliá, F.; García-Ballesteros, C.; Fernández-Muga, L.; Llombart-Cussac, A.; Domínguez-Márquez, M.V. Low Number of Baselines γδ T Cells Increase the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Post-Vaccination Infection. Preprints 2024, 2024041115. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1115.v1

APA Style

Andreu-Ballester, J.C., Galindo-Regal, L., Cuellar, C., López-Chuliá, F., García-Ballesteros, C., Fernández-Muga, L., Llombart-Cussac, A., & Domínguez-Márquez, M.V. (2024). Low Number of Baselines γδ T Cells Increase the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Post-Vaccination Infection. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1115.v1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreu-Ballester, J.C., Antonio Llombart-Cussac and María Victoria Domínguez-Márquez. 2024 "Low Number of Baselines γδ T Cells Increase the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Post-Vaccination Infection" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1115.v1

Abstract

Background: The effectiveness of the anti-COVID-19 vaccine remains a matter to be clarified. Methods: The humoral and cellular immunity after the administration of three doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech and Oxford AstraZeneca vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 over one year and the appearance of post-vaccination COVID-19 have been studied. Results: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA antibodies showed a progressive increase throughout the vaccination period. This increase was greatest after the third dose. The highest levels were observed in subjects who had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies prior to vaccination. There was an increase in CD4+ αβ, CD8+ γδ and TEM CD8+ γδ T cells, and a decrease in apoptosis in CD4+CD8+ and CD56+ αβ and γδ T cells. Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection was greater than 60%. The symptoms of COVID-19 were very mild and were related to γδ T cell deficit, specifically CD8+ TEMRA and CD56+ γδ TEM, as well as lower pre-vaccine apoptosis levels. Conclusions: Those results demonstrate the important role that γδ T cells play in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunization.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; antibodies; αβ T cells; γδ T cells

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergy

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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