Version 1
: Received: 15 April 2024 / Approved: 16 April 2024 / Online: 17 April 2024 (14:57:06 CEST)
How to cite:
Martingo, M.; Baptista-Silva, S.; Mesquita, R.; Ferreira, J.P.; Borges, S.; Pintado, M. An Uplifting Avenue upon Mealworm Chitosan for Hemodialysis Application. Preprints2024, 2024041094. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1094.v1
Martingo, M.; Baptista-Silva, S.; Mesquita, R.; Ferreira, J.P.; Borges, S.; Pintado, M. An Uplifting Avenue upon Mealworm Chitosan for Hemodialysis Application. Preprints 2024, 2024041094. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1094.v1
Martingo, M.; Baptista-Silva, S.; Mesquita, R.; Ferreira, J.P.; Borges, S.; Pintado, M. An Uplifting Avenue upon Mealworm Chitosan for Hemodialysis Application. Preprints2024, 2024041094. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1094.v1
APA Style
Martingo, M., Baptista-Silva, S., Mesquita, R., Ferreira, J.P., Borges, S., & Pintado, M. (2024). An Uplifting Avenue upon Mealworm Chitosan for Hemodialysis Application. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1094.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Martingo, M., Sandra Borges and Manuela Pintado. 2024 "An Uplifting Avenue upon Mealworm Chitosan for Hemodialysis Application" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1094.v1
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a continuous decline in kidney function, often persisting for years or even a lifetime. This study presents a new exploration into the extraction and application of insect chitosan (Tenebrio molitor) targeting hemodialysis (HD). Initially, the potential of insect-derived chitosan as a sustainable and effective alternative to traditional sources (i.e. crustaceans) is demonstrated. Efficient extraction methods were developed (totaling between 6 h and 12 h), producing chitosan. Firstly, chitin was efficiently isolated from T. molitor through deproteinization and demineralization, with yields of approximately 5% (w/w). Subsequently, chitosan was obtained from the extracted chitin resulting in yields of between 65.0 ± 0.8% (w/w) and 79.3 ± 0.8% (w/w). Characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed structural similarities with commercial chitosan and degrees of deacetylation in the 73 - 75% range. The bioactive properties of chitosan obtained from T. molitor, including antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, were evaluated. All the microorganisms tested were inhibited, exhibiting minimum lethal concentrations between 2 and 8 mg/mL, confirming the antimicrobial activity of the extracted chitosan. In addition, chitosan showed antioxidant activity in the range of 60 to 65 µmol Trolox equivalent/g, suggesting its viability for various medical applications.This study also developed a chitosan-based membrane (CH - M) culminating in a proof-of-concept phase for hemodialysis. The permeation characteristics of CH-M for urea and albumin were studied in vitro to assess their suitability as HD membranes. Urea was permeable to values of over 70% and albumin was retained.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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