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Molecular Circuits of Immune Sensing and Response to Oncolytic Virotherapy
Version 1
: Received: 25 March 2024 / Approved: 26 March 2024 / Online: 26 March 2024 (16:57:15 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Bhatt, D.K.; Daemen, T. Molecular Circuits of Immune Sensing and Response to Oncolytic Virotherapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4691. Bhatt, D.K.; Daemen, T. Molecular Circuits of Immune Sensing and Response to Oncolytic Virotherapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4691.
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising immunotherapy approach for cancer treatment, utilizing viruses to preferentially infect and eliminate cancer cells while stimulating immune responses. In this review we synthesize current literature on the molecular circuits of immune sensing and response to oncolytic virotherapy; focusing on viral DNA or RNA sensing by infected cells, cytokine and danger-associated signal sensing by neighboring cells, and subsequent downstream activation of immune pathways. The sequential sense-and-response mechanisms involve the triggering of molecular sensors by viruses or infected cells to activate transcription factors and related genes for a breadth of immune responses. We describe how molecular signals induced in the tumor upon virotherapy can trigger diverse immune signaling pathways, activating both antigen-presenting cell-based innate and T cell-based adaptive immune responses. Insights into these complex mechanisms provide valuable knowledge for enhancing oncolytic virotherapy strategies.
Keywords
molecular pathways; oncolytic virus; pattern recognition receptors; transcription factors
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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