Paulauskas, V.; Paulauskas, D. Dependence of Ships Turning at Port Turning Basins on Clearance under the Ship’s Keel. Sustainability2024, 16, 2819.
Paulauskas, V.; Paulauskas, D. Dependence of Ships Turning at Port Turning Basins on Clearance under the Ship’s Keel. Sustainability 2024, 16, 2819.
Paulauskas, V.; Paulauskas, D. Dependence of Ships Turning at Port Turning Basins on Clearance under the Ship’s Keel. Sustainability2024, 16, 2819.
Paulauskas, V.; Paulauskas, D. Dependence of Ships Turning at Port Turning Basins on Clearance under the Ship’s Keel. Sustainability 2024, 16, 2819.
Abstract
Turning ships in port turning basins is an important and responsible operation, mainly involving the ship itself and the port tugs. Such operations involve many maneuvers that consume a lot of energy (fuel) and emit a lot of emissions. Turning basins in harbors and quay approaches are in most cases relatively shallow. The paper examines the turning of ships in port turning basins using harbor tugs, the effect of shallow depth on ship turning, energy (fuel) consumption and the generation of emissions during such maneuvers of harbor tugs. The paper presents the developed theoretical models, and the experimental results on theoretical models, which were verified on real ships and using calibrated simulators. Discussions and conclusions prepared on the basis of the research base. The use of the developed methodology makes it possible to increase shipping safety, optimize maneuvers and reduce energy (fuel) consumption when turning ships in the port and at the same time reduce the amount of fuel consumed by port tugs and reduce the number of emissions of tugs during such operations.
Keywords
sustainability; ships turning basins in ports; ships maneuvers; tugs operation in ports; emissions from ships; maritime safety; energy efficiency
Subject
Engineering, Marine Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
