You, F.; Nicco, C.; Harakawa, Y.; Yoshikawa, T.; Inufusa, H. The Potential of Twendee X® as a Safe Antioxidant Treatment for Systemic Sclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 3064.
You, F.; Nicco, C.; Harakawa, Y.; Yoshikawa, T.; Inufusa, H. The Potential of Twendee X® as a Safe Antioxidant Treatment for Systemic Sclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3064.
You, F.; Nicco, C.; Harakawa, Y.; Yoshikawa, T.; Inufusa, H. The Potential of Twendee X® as a Safe Antioxidant Treatment for Systemic Sclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 3064.
You, F.; Nicco, C.; Harakawa, Y.; Yoshikawa, T.; Inufusa, H. The Potential of Twendee X® as a Safe Antioxidant Treatment for Systemic Sclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3064.
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by debilitating symptoms including skin and visceral fibrosis, systemic skin hardening, Raynaud's phenomenon and other vascular dysfunctions, and immune abnormalities. The disease poses a significant medical challenge with no cure currently available. As such, SSc is designated as an intractable disease in Japan, with patients receiving government subsidies for medical expenses.
Oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc and the antioxidant combination Tweendee X®︎ (TwX) has shown promising results in mitigating OS-related conditions. HOCl-induced SSc-mice are known to exhibit similar skin and visceral fibrosis, vascular disorders, and autoimmunity observed in human. In a study done using these mice, Twx demonstrated a significant reduction in lung and skin fibrosis compared to untreated HOCl-induced SSc mice. TwX also significantly reduced advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP) in serum, Col-1 gene expression and the activation of B cells involved in autoimmunity. SSc is a disease state in which autoimmune abnormalities, fibrosis, and vascular disorders are intertwined, and therefore for a treatment to be effective it needs to address multiple issues. Thus the efficacy of TwX may stem from its strong antioxidant capacity to regulate OS, which cannot be achieved by a single antioxidant on its own.
In other studies, targeting other OS-related conditions, TwX was safe and proved to be effective at prevent dementia in humans with mild cognitive impairment and to significantly improve cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's (AD) mouse models. TwX may offer a new approach to antioxidant treatment for SSc, to address multiple abnormalities that are characteristic of the disease.
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