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Vitamin D deficiency, Chronic kidney disease and Periodontitis
Version 1
: Received: 24 January 2024 / Approved: 24 January 2024 / Online: 24 January 2024 (16:53:30 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Ganimusa, I.; Chew, E.; Lu, E.M.-C. Vitamin D Deficiency, Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontitis. Medicina 2024, 60, 420. Ganimusa, I.; Chew, E.; Lu, E.M.-C. Vitamin D Deficiency, Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontitis. Medicina 2024, 60, 420.
Abstract
Vitamin D has important anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial properties and plays a central role in host immune response. Due to the crucial role of the kidneys in the metabolism of vitamin D, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), are prone to vitamin D deficiency. The resultant reduction in the production of calcitriol, the activated form of vitamin D in patients with CKD is responsible for exacerbating the existing renal impairment and periodontal inflammation. Recent evidence suggests a bidirectional, causal relationship between periodontitis and renal functional status. Both conditions have shared pathophysiologic mechanisms including oxidative stress, increases in the systemic inflammatory burden and impaired host response. This review explores the association between vitamin D, CKD and periodontitis. The review summarises the current evidence base for the classical and non-classical vitamin D metabolic pathways, the biological mechanisms linking vitamin D deficiency, CKD and periodontitis, as well as the bidirectional relationship between the two chronic inflammatory conditions. Finally, the paper explores the impact of vitamin D deficiency on CKD, periodontitis, and related co-morbidities.
Keywords
Vitamin D, Chronic kidney disease, periodontitis
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Dentistry and Oral Surgery
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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